RE:
Formulas for points MY MEAGER TAKE ON THINGS |
Will
Blozan |
Jan
22, 2005 08:33 PST |
Paul and other ENTS,
I find myself with very limited time to respond to such an
interesting
discussion. However, I want to present an idea I have discussed
with Bob L.
in the past, and it is a system that reflects Paul's desire for
a relative
score. It is also independent of units, but is variable as new
maximums are
found and does not allow for inter-specific comparisons unless
superimposed
upon an absolute maximum "base". Naturally, the system
can only be applied
to ENTS measured trees, further limiting it's usefulness in the
big tree
lists. Oh well, I will propose it anyway.
With an existing database (ENTS) a set of maximums of girth,
height, and
spread are established. The maximums are given a rating of 100,
which
represents 100% of the known maximum. For example, let's look
three big
tuliptrees; the Sag Branch tuliptree, the Mill Creek Monster,
and the
Greenbriar Giant.
Known tuliptree maximums:
Max girth 24.25' =100 pts (Jess may have a larger one)
Max height 178.2' =100 pts
Max spread 113' =100 pts (maximum, not average- treated same
as height which we do not average for separate tops)
With the above numbers, a tree has the potential to have 300
points if it
contained all the maximum dimensions. Here is a comparison of
three giants:
Tree Girth Height Spread Points
Sag Branch 91.7 94.3 100 286
Mill Creek 94.4 87.5 88.5 270.4
Greenbriar 100 87.5 85.5 276
How do these trees compare to the best we know of in the east
(relative
bigness)?
ENTS maximum dimensions:
Girth 31.8' (Middleton Oak?)
Height 187' (Boogerman Pine)
Spread 154' (Maximum above ground- Cherrybark oak measured last
week)
(Max spread estimated) Girth Height Spread Points
Sag Branch Tuliptree 70 89.8 73.3
233.1
Pinchot Sycamore 86.8 52.6 94.2
233.6
Sunderland Sycamore 81.8 61.8 99.4
243.0
Pine Plains Sycamore 75.5 57.8 94.2
227.5
Middleton Oak 100 34.8 87.7
222.5
Cherrybark oak 61.6 85.7 84.4
231.7
Cherrybark oak 62.9 72.2 100
235.1
This system gives much more equality with respect to differing
tree forms.
It can be modified to compare within a species or within only
conifers. The
Middleton oak, with its huge trunk and wide spread compares
favorably to the
Sag Branch Tuliptree. The immensely huge Sunderland Sycamore
scores high in
all measures, and justly so!
I believe this ranking system is called "hyper-volume"
or something, and is
used in ecology to represent three variable niche fulfillments
of species
and habitats. I like it because it is independent of units and
the above
numbers generally represent my visual ranking of the trees.
Naturally, as we discover new records the numbers will change
slightly for
"saturated" species, and more quickly for less
measured species (an active
database would be required to continually update the numbers).
The relative
ranking for one or more variables may be useful for latitudinal
analyses.
For example, the black birch (and birch family in general) may
not change
more than 10 points over a huge latitudinal range, whereas white
pine,
tuliptree and northern red oak will change by much more within
the same
range. A graph of these relative numbers would be very
interesting.
Anyway, there it is!
Will Blozan |
RE:
Formulas for points MY MEAGER TAKE ON THINGS |
Edward
Frank |
Jan
22, 2005 10:34 PST |
Will,
A couple of questions or points. For the species maximums, what
about
using the tallest ENTS measured specimen even if it had since
died? Thus
the maximum height would still be Boogerman Pine, only at 207
feet rather
than 187.
It will be an annoyance to recalculate the values for each tree
every time
a new maximum for that species is established. It will also be a
problem to
compare values if there has been one or several adjustments to
the base
maximums had occurred between published figures. There is no
reason that a
percentage can not exceed 100%. I would suggest a table of
maximum values
compiled on a specific date for all species in the dataset. This
could
then be used for an extended period of time, perhaps 5 years.
Then the
dataset could be recalibrated using the latest values from that
calibration
date. The figures could be published for trees listing the
calculated
value and the year of the base maximum set used to derive the
figures.
This would help fix some of the implementation problems with the
proposed
measure. If other datasets listed the height, cbh, and canopy
spread
values for trees, we could calculate the same values for them,
but there is
still the problem of inaccuracies inherent in other measurement
standards.
There is no reason that a new and better standard for
calculating big trees
should not be developed by ENTS. I also think this method
generates
numbers with real value and not just cosmetic meaning.
Ed Frank
|
RE:
Formulas for points MY MEAGER TAKE ON THINGS |
wad-@comcast.net |
Jan
22, 2005 11:16 PST |
Will,
Bob, ENTS
Using an excel spreadsheet, or even Access, you could group the
trees by species, and have a cell dedicated to the current known
maximum for each species. I agree it should be historical, as in
the example of the Boogerman pine. A master list would be kept,
and when a new dimension record is found, the cell that all the
formulas use could be changed, then all the calculations would
change automatically.
Scott
|
Standardized
tree hypervolumes |
tpdig-@ysu.edu |
Jan
22, 2005 13:16 PST |
ENTS,
I really like the idea that's developing here (Paul started
this, I think...) of
standardizing tree measurements in relation to known maxima.
Units become
irrelevant (as long as they're consistent for each dimension),
unlike in the AF
formula where the use of inches for girth dominates the additive
formula.
I have a suggestion - don't add the percentiles for each
dimension, average
them. That way the standardized maximum is always 100, no matter
how many
dimensions are measured (I presume most people would stay with
girth, height,
and crown spread, at least initially).
The cool thing with standardized data is we can now rank trees
at different
geographical and/or taxonomic scales. E.g., an insanely big hop
hornbeam
(Ostrya) at 9' CBH and 90" tall is ranked right at the top
for its species. It
would, however, drop way down when ranked among all eastern
trees. A 131' x 11'
CBH x 70' CS northern red oak in Massachusetts would rank near
100% among forest
grown NRO in New England, perhaps ~80% among all forest-grown
trees in New
England, some unknown but certainly much less than 100% among
all NRO in the
East (forest and open-grown), and so forth. The scale of
analysis is set by the
investigator, and could range from "all eastern trees"
right down to "all trees
of a certain species at a single site". We also have to
remember that with all
biological data, no matter what analyses, manipulations, etc.
are performed, the
original measurements can always be reported too.
Tom
|
Re:
Standardized tree hypervolumes |
Edward
Frank |
Jan
22, 2005 14:39 PST |
Tom,
I don't see any problems inherent in averaging the percentiles
rather than
adding them. It doesn't really affect the outcome. One concern
would be
trying to mix percentiles derived by 2 parameters, with those
from 3
parameters, with those using 4 parameters, and so forth. By
adding an
additional parameter the fundamental ordering of the list could
be changed.
By mixing the two sets of information the ordering of one set
would be
different from the ordering of the other.
For example a tall tree with a small crown spread might rank
very high on a
ranking including only height and girth. If a third parameter
for crown
spread were added, a forest grown tree with a narrow crown would
be
averaging a relatively small percentile for crown spread into
the mix,
while an open grown tree that placed farther down the initial
list, would
be adding a relatively large percentage for a broad crown spread
into its
mix. This isn't bad of itself, but would make it difficult to
compare the
two parameter versus three parameter trees in a single listing,
even
thought they both are expressed as a single percentage number.
Ed Frank
|
RE:
Formulas for points MY MEAGER TAKE ON THINGS |
fores-@earthlink.net |
Jan
22, 2005 15:10 PST |
What about the whole idea of treating in-forest and field trees
separately?
If you really don't like to separate them it would be easy to
combine the
two separate tables into one master table. I just think that the
form of the two
types is so different and the experience of seeing a tree in the
forest or
on a lawn is so different....
|
RE:
Standardized tree hypervolumes |
Will
Blozan |
Jan
22, 2005 19:22 PST |
Tom,
I like your thinking, and I did toy with the idea of a
"100" max scale. The
300 point scale I proposed gives more depth to the average
observer, and a
few more points between trees close in size. It also facilitates
separating
the maxima per variable, and better illustrates the relative
ranking. A
maximum height ranking of "32" may not mean anything,
but a "92" would mean,
"this tree represents 92% of the maximum known for the
species, or the East,
or the site..." I.e. - "Wow, Man, that is way
tall!"
Roll with it, man!
Will
|
RE:
Formulas for points MY MEAGER TAKE ON THINGS |
Will
Blozan |
Jan
22, 2005 19:50 PST |
Larry,
I think the relative ranking equalizes the extremes in growth
form, since a
forest grown tree is usually taller and narrower than an
open-grown tree
which is typically shorter but wider. The girth may be the most
significant
variable between an open-grown and forest-grown tree, and one
that may be
equally outweighed by height.
Will B
|
RE:
Formulas for points MY MEAGER TAKE ON THINGS |
Will
Blozan |
Jan
22, 2005 19:50 PST |
Ed,
...
As far as the updating of the "base", I would want to
do it regularly, but I
see your point with regard to simplicity. Either way, the
"base" should not
change dramatically since we have such a massive set of data for
so many
species from so many ENTS measurers. We are certainly talking
only a
fraction of a percent in general, with a 2-4% jump being very
rare.
I must say though, that Jess Riddle blew the socks off the NA
Carpinus
height record last weekend when he spotted a tree nearly 10 feet
taller than
anything previously known (except for an unreported tree Ed
Coyle measured
in NY recently- post it, DUDE!). Such a jump will be rare, but
not uncommon
for species we do not intensively sample.
Will B. |
RE:
Formulas for points MY MEAGER TAKE ON THINGS |
Will
Blozan |
Jan
22, 2005 19:55 PST |
Scott,
The bottom line is, we need to develop a formula that is
independent of
growth form. But why? I am nagged by the "need" to
quantify trees for a "big
tree list". That is not the mission of ENTS.
Quantifications of tree
dimensions over latitudinal or whatever gradients we need are
what ENTS is
all about. The understanding of trees, not the competition of
superlatives.
Will
|
RE:
Formulas for points MY MEAGER TAKE ON THINGS |
fores-@earthlink.net |
Jan
23, 2005 11:12 PST |
Well, much to my shock, it seems I am alone when it comes to
this on this list, but perhaps it could at least be made
standard practice to mark down along with other data whether
it's in forest or not. It only takes about 2 seconds to make
note of this (although certain rare cases might be non-trivial),
so it wouldn't seem to be troublesome to make it standard practice, height and spread and stuff are what take effort. So
even if the official ENTS and AF tables (not that the AF tables seem reliable enough for anything) don't split lists, others who
care about this fact would still be able to make their own
customs data tables.
Personally
to me, it seems if you don't split the list then why even bother
making separate lists for different states, locations, single
vs. multi-stemmed, etc. From an biological or ecological
perspective in forest and in front lawn are completely different
beasts, as different as Smokies vs. northern reaches of Maine,
recent third-growth and old-growth. Plus, isn't it more exciting
to say find a tree that is 95% of the known in forest max girth
than say only 70%, and where probably 100% of the top ten lists
for girth will be from front lawns and 100% of heights from
forests? Plus, isn't the experience of a great tree in a front
lawn with cars rushing by, the sun beating down, and branching
starting at 4' way (not that all lawn tree have this form, some
are fairly forest looking in form) different than some forest
monarch, not that lawn tree may not be impressive and neat,
there are some nice old trees in my town, but still it's such a
different thing for so many different reasons.
Biologically,
ecologically, I don't see how it makes much sense (although,
granted, various forest disturbances and histories can
complicate things, depending upon what you are after). What can
we gain about max girth and height in different forests and open
parks and lawns and so on if everything is mushed together?
Anyway, I'm beating a dead horse. Hopefully people will at least
mark the difference so those who wish can look at the relevant
data for particular needs.
I agree. I don't like to hear that a tree is open grown, that is
why it ranks so high. The capacity of a species is what we are
after. Someone had said that we should list forms separately. I
think we need to proceed with a formula that doesn't consider
form. The trees should equal themselves out, as forest trees are
taller and open trees have more girth.
|
RE:
Formulas for points MY MEAGER TAKE ON THINGS |
Edward
Frank |
Jan
23, 2005 11:30 PST |
Larry,
I don't think you are alone on this question. I would be in
favor of
noting whether a tree was open grown or a forest tree. If that
note was in
a sortable field in the database, the list could be sorted to
generate
separate forest and open grown lists. There may
be some problems with
annotating the existing database, but there should not be a
problem for new
trees, or when trees are remeasured. It would be worth the
effort in my
opinion. Bob, what do you think about a forest or open grown
field in the
database?
Ed Frank
|
RE:
Formulas for points MY MEAGER TAKE ON THINGS |
Will
Blozan |
Jan
23, 2005 19:40 PST |
I
fully support a distinction. Truthfully, it was not on my mind
since I
measure 99% or more forest trees, which is likely true of all
the ENTS
members. I take keen interest in yard trees, but focus on the
forest
attributes of trees in their "native" habitat and
growing conditions.
Great points!
Will
|
RE:
Formulas for points MY MEAGER TAKE ON THINGS |
dbhg-@comcast.net |
Jan
23, 2005 14:28 PST |
Ed,
Larry, et al:
It might appear from what we routinely
report to the list that we don't record anything about a
measured tree but its height, circumference, and maybe spread.
That is not the case for some of us. We have room in the
database that several of us share to record all the following:
1. Tree's condition (good, fair,
poor)
2. Age class (young, mature, old)
3. Number of trunks
4. Growing environment
a.
forest grown, partially open growth, open grown
b.
old growth, second growth, etc.
c.
moist, dry
5. Height above base at lowest
point of branching
6. General comments
We intend to add a terrain index factor when
we figure out how we want to go about computing it.
In truth, I get lazy when it comes to
recording the above factors and even under good circumstances,
time or location of a tree often precludes recording all the
data we want. What some of us have been steadily moving toward
is a system of identifying important sample trees on a site for
which we will fill all the data fields. Non-sample trees would
have some added items recorded, but not necessarily all the
above.
Ed, for ENTS website reporting,
maybe we could agree on the following:
1. The number of trunks at point
of major branching
2. Height at point of major
branching
3. Tree condition
4. Age class
5. Growing environment: Open,
partially open, forest
There may be other items we should report, but
the above don't require more time or equipment. Tree condition
and age class are judgment calls. So we may want to discuss
these further. What do the rest of you think?
Bob
|
RE:
Standardized tree hypervolumes |
Darian
Copiz |
Jan
24, 2005 08:03 PST |
ENTS,
I think a relative size scale could definitely be more than a
novelty.
During the development planning for forested sites there often
is, or
should be, a forest stand delineation in which significant trees
are
noted so that they might be preserved. These are always the very
largest trees on the site. It has always bothered me that a site
could
potentially have a giant Carpinus, Cornus, Ostrya or such, yet
these
giants of their species would be cut down without a second
thought. If
a scale relative to species was used, some very cool trees might
be
saved. Admittedly, it would be a long time before such a scale
would be
adopted as part of the development process, but things always
have to
start at some point. My two cents on the scale is that I prefer
a 100
point max continuously recalibrated. A percentage based off of
100 is
the most readily understandable. For a better understanding of a
particular tree, the three variables could easily be observed as
is the
case in most current lists. I don't like separating forest grown
and
open grown trees. There are always gray areas. Trees should be
compared to trees. The challenge would be to balance the
variables to
best reflect size - if that's not possible, big deal, we would
still get
a pretty good idea of the tree's size.
Darian
|
RE:
Standardized tree hypervolumes |
edward
coyle |
Jan
24, 2005 09:51 PST |
Darian,
The 'novelty' comparison was for the arbitrary scores for state
and other
champion tree lists. This suggested hyper volume scale is a
means by which
comparisons may be made to any order. Eastern North America, our
focus,
represented by the three largest dimensions we have for height,
girth, and
spread, would be the super set against all trees would be
measured. Of
course, the number represented by 100% could adjust upward, if a
greater
specimen was found.
Additionally, sub sets for regions, states, sites, species could
also be
made. Will detailed this in a Jan. 22 post to the site.
Ed C
|
Will's
WAY COOL proposed new system |
Robert
Leverett |
Jan
24, 2005 10:32 PST |
Will, Ed C., and others:
Oh Man, Will, I've already fallen in love with your proposed 300
max
point system. Look at how it treats the Sunderland, Pinchot, and
Pine
Plains sycamores. I may be off a little on the maximum spread of
the
Pine Plains tree. Can't find the original max spread measurement,
but it
wasn't much off of what is being shown below. Note that the
maximum
height for a northeastern sycamore is presently that of the
Vanderbilt
Tree and I'm assuming the PA sycamore will yield a legitimate
30-foot
circumference. Scott will have to be the judge on that one, but
for now,
we can use the 30-foot circumference as the max.
Comparison of 3 northeastern sycamores against northeastern
maximums
Dim -->
Hgt
Spread Cir Pts
Maximum
136.1 153.0 30.0
Sunderland
. 114.4 153.0 24.9
Pct Max
. 84.1 100.0 83.0 267.1
Maximum
136.1 153.0 30.0
Pinchot
. 98.5 149.0 27.6
Pct Max
. 72.4 97.4 92.0 261.8
Maximum
136.1 153.0 30.0
Pine Plains
. 114.2 135.0 26.2
Pct Max
. 83.9 88.2 87.3 259.5
Will, your system is WAY COOL. It has to be adopted .... like,
right
now! The Sunderland sycamore rules. YES!
Bob
|
Re:
Will's WAY COOL proposed new system |
Lee
E. Frelich |
Jan
24, 2005 10:56 PST |
Bob:
I like the 300 point and % max scale you demonstrate.
FYI the University of Wisconsin developed a 300 point scale for
comparing
the abundance of tree and herb species among stands in forests
during the
1950s, and it is still known today as the Wisconsin School
statistics. It
included relative frequency (species present at 0-100% of all
points within
a stand), relative density (species accounts for 0-100% of all
stems within
a stand), and relative abundance (species accounts for 0-100% of
cover, or
in the case of tree, basal area within a stand). For trees they
also used
a 200 point scale that included relative frequency and relative
abundance.
Lee
|
RE:
Will's WAY COOL proposed new system |
edward
coyle |
Jan
24, 2005 11:21 PST |
Bob,
I was toying with just how to display the numbers. Your sycamore
ranks 267
among known NE max, and the Sunderland would rate 235 against
the hypermax.
235/267 or 235.267. Any thoughts on how best to distinguish
numbers for sub
sets, ie. region, state, site, species.
Ed C
|
RE:
Will's WAY COOL proposed new system |
Darian
Copiz |
Jan
24, 2005 11:46 PST |
ENTS,
Not meaning to push a personal preference, but just noting
another way
of putting it: 89.0%, 87.3%, and 86.5% of "maximum
potential". One B+,
but no A's.
Darian
|
RE:
Will's WAY COOL proposed new system- 300 vs. 100 points |
Will
Blozan |
Jan
24, 2005 12:24 PST |
ENTS,
Ed Frank has proposed that the three scales be combined into a
100 point
maximum point total for all three attributes. I personally like
the 300
point scale as it give more readily understandable resolution
and where the
tree stands with respect to any given attribute. However, I am
open to ideas
and enlightenment. It is just a fledgling idea after all, and
free to play
with.
My mind is racing with how many ways we can apply the rating
system. It can
really give meaningful depth to the "bigness" a tree
can have relative to
it's peers. Much more so than the AF points system can. A 300 AF
point
hemlock in New England is way more significant than a 300 point
tree in the
Smokies. The new system would illustrate that when it is
compared "apples to
apples". Such a tree in New England may score the same as
or even surpass a
"larger" 350 AF point tree in the Smokies when viewed
against the
appropriate regional scale. Likewise, the 111' "shrimpy"
hemlocks of the
Porkies can now be viewed as the relative giants that they are-
no less
significant than the Tsali hemlock in the Smokies. That is, when
viewed
"apples to apples" against their peers. Neat! Credit
where credit is due!
Defining the regional scales is the next hurdle, as is naming
this new
system. Much to my surprise, the system seems to have instantly
gained
support (even by the stalwart ecologists out there), and may be
on the way
to adoption within ENTS. This is exciting! Any ideas for a name?
Does it
have a "real" name? Is my memory correct in the
"hyper-volume" memory?
ENTS Hyper-volume Rating System? Long, no acronym...
Multivariate Abyss of Confusion...
Maybe something with MASS as the acronym?
Regional assessment of Massiveness?
Regional Magnitude of Massivity?
Burl-belly Hyper-volume Fulfillment Index?
Now we're talkin'...
Will B
|
RE:
Standardized tree hypervolumes |
Edward
Frank |
Jan
24, 2005 13:01 PST |
ENTS,
Will's Meager Proposal seems to have reached immediate acclaim
among ENTS
who have responded. We should adopt it immediately. There are
only two
factors I see left to be decided:
1) Should it be the sum of the three percentiles or the average
with the
system based on 100%. Tom Diggens, Darian Copiz, and myself
have
supported a 100 percent scale. Others, including Will Blozan and
Lee
Frelich, favor adding the three figures together.
I like the 100% scale, because as Tom pointed out: "That
way the
standardized maximum is always 100, no matter how many
dimensions are
measured." Will suggested that the 300 point scale would to
an average
person appear to have a greater resolution - 300 versus 100. I
would
counter that the percentages should be carried to 1/10 or 1/100
of a
percent, giving a virtual scale from 0 to 1000. If the
percentage were
multiplied by 1000, then a perfect tree - one that was the
tallest,
fattest, and greatest crown spread - would have a score of 1000.
Consider
the three sycamores Bob cited in his post (Jan 24, 2005) the
Sunderland,
Pinchot, and Pine Plains sycamores. In the additive formula the
scores are
respectively 267.1, 261.8, and 259.5. Using a 100% scale with
scores of
89.03%, 87.27%, and 86.5% of "maximum potential" would
translate to 890.3
points, 872.7 points, and 865 points.
2) Should the baseline maximums from which a species percentage
is derived
be updated continuously, or on a longer term basis?
If they are updated continuously, then the advantage for doing
it this way
is that the values for each individual tree are always
up-to-date and
represent the most recent findings. If they are updated on a
longer term
basis, and a larger tree was found you would have a percentage
greater than
100% (not necessarily bad IMHO). The advantage for this method
would be
that if the base line numbers were updated continuously, any
published
figures would become out-of-date and differ from each other
every time the
base line was updated - in general I think a longer term basis
for the base
line would provide information that would allow analysis made
using it to
be directly comparable over a longer period of time, and hence
have a
greater utility.
There was some discussion about whether a separate list should
be
maintained for open grow and forest grown trees. This was a
concern
expressed by Larry Baum. I also agree that information would be
interesting. However the general tree database includes a field
lists
whether a tree is open grown or forest grown. Seagate lists
could be
generated from a single master by sorting from the master
database using on
that field. So really only one master list needs to be
maintained.
Lets hear opinions on these two questions, and if anyone has any
additional
questions or concerns I would like to hear them at this initial
stage.
Ed Frank |
RE:
Will's WAY COOL proposed new system- 300 vs. 100 points |
Edward
Frank |
Jan
24, 2005 13:09 PST |
Will,
I think EHR is a fine acronym.
Questions about new system?
3) Should we be using the current biggest tree, or a historical
measurement
that is larger if it was an ENTS measurement with good
information?
The example that comes to mind is the Boogerman pine. Should we
be using
the max height at the current value - 187 estimated, 186 last
measurement -
or should we be using the maximum measured height of the tree -
207 feet -
measured before crown loss a few years ago. I would favor the
historical
bigger number, but don't view this as a critical question.
Ed Frank
|
RE:
Will's WAY COOL proposed new system- 300 vs. 100 points |
Robert
Leverett |
Jan
24, 2005 13:26 PST |
Ed:
At this point, I would vote for historical maximums since they
tell us
a specie's story over time much better than current maximums
do. The
concept of historical maximums should be apply to local,
regional, or
eastern wide maximums.
In response to your prior e-mail, I'm still thinking about the
100%
scale versus the 300 point maximum scale. I'm also developing a
sample
of 20 New England white pines that I know very well. I plan to
put the
scores earned by these pines on each of the 3 point systems (
AF, ENTS
Pts, and EHRS) side by side with comments. I'll pass the results
to you
in a spreadsheet in a couple of days so maybe you can post it to
the
website for others to look at and comment on.
Bob
|
RE:
Will's WAY COOL proposed new system |
Robert
Leverett |
Jan
24, 2005 13:32 PST |
Ed Coyle:
Good questions. We may want to consider breakdowns of eastern
wide,
region, state, and site. We would have to agree on the regional
definitions. That can get messy. The Northeast is commonly
consider to
include New England, New York, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey. I'm
unsure
of what states belong to what other regions. The pie can be
sliced in so
many ways and for so many differing purposes.
Bob
|
RE:
Standardized tree hypervolumes |
Darian
Copiz |
Jan
24, 2005 14:55 PST |
Ed and ENTS,
In regards to topic of discussion 2 below, I think there are
some
problems with not continuously updating a database. If a larger
tree is
found, and given a score of say for example 303 or 101 or 1001
(whatever
is decided), the maximum potential score of all other trees of
the
species are immediately out of date. The new discovery is
up-to-date in
comparison to the old base tree/trees. However, although all the
other
trees are also accurate relative to the baseline, they do not
reflect
the new discovery and a new potential maximum. How clear would
it be to
the reader that the tree maximums are set by a baseline, which
might or
might not be the actual known maximums for the species.
Additionally, a
score above a set maximum implies that the tree's size is
actually
greater than the maximum for the species. But the tree in
question, by
existing, has displayed otherwise. I think that in order for
published
material to never be out of date, scores would have to be chosen
that
the species could probably never actually attain so that the
baseline
wouldn't change. That, however, doesn't sound like a very
appealing
option to me. I think part of the nature of published material
is for
it, at some point, to become out-of-date. A web based database,
however, could always be up-to-date. One way to help solve the
problem
of an old base line would be to use the scoring system in
conjunction
with the actual measurements. Almost all big tree lists I can
think of
list the measurements in addition to the final score.
My vote would be for a 100 point system (with possible
decimals), second
would be a 1000 point system, and third would be a 300 point
system. I
think most people immediately understand a scoring system
between 1 and
100 and can more quickly grasp the relation between a given
number and
100. I immediately have a good idea what 89.03 is in comparison
to 100.
It takes me a little longer to understand the relationship
between 267.1
and 300 and even after thinking about it for a while, its still
not
quite as clear as on a 100 scale. That's my vote, although it
should
probably not be weighed very heavily since I have not regularly
contributed in the past and I don't think anyone in ENTS knows
anything
about me.
So as a real quick introduction, I'm a landscape architect/urban
designer living in Maryland right outside Washington D.C. I have
a
great interest in trees (of course) and nature in general. I am
also
interested in photography and history. Sorry for the tardiness
in the
introduction.
Darian
|
Will's
WAY COOL system - problems |
abi-@u.washington.edu |
Jan
24, 2005 15:19 PST |
All,
I mostly like where this is leading, but you are not there yet.
The new system makes the three measurements equal - are you sure
you want that?
I still think average crown spread is arbitrary and not very
useful.
All of the methods that convert what a tree is into some
arbitrary point system will always have problems with certain
trees. The AF system favors big trunks over tall trees and falls
apart with super large trees.
What is your objective - do you want this new system to reflet
volume? If not, then what else?
In my scientific research I must predict volume all of the time.
My equation for Piea sitchensis, for example takes the form of:
(((2.596*(dbh^2.3))+(1.78*(HT^2.697))).
This is based on 61 trees that run the full range of size to 401
cm diameter and 92.7 m tall.
Enough for now.
Cheers,
- BVP |
Re:
Will's WAY COOL system - problems |
Edward
Frank |
Jan
24, 2005 16:09 PST |
Bob,
I wanted to address your general comments. I am sure others have
opinions
to express as well. The question of whether tree canopy should
be given
equal weight was ask earlier by Larry Baum.
I don't think this formula is intended to reflect volume, but to
reflect an
overall generic idea of "bigness." This is perhaps not
a tightly defined
concept, but reflects a balance of all the parameters that
contribute to
the aesthetic concept of bigness.
Should all of the factor be weighed equally? For a couple of
reasons I
would argue that yes they should be treated equally. You think
average
crown spread is arbitrary and useless. I am not sure it is. The
crown
spread represents to some degree the size of the tree canopy.
This is
where all leaves are located, where all of the branches are
located, where
all of the photosynthesis is taking place. It is hardly a
trivial area of
the tree in a biological sense, although it may be in terms of
volume.
You
certainly know far more than I do about tree canopy
structure from your detailed mapping of giant trees around the
world. If I
were to look for an expert on the subject, you would be the one
I would
call, but on this question about whether canopy spread is a
useful
measurement or not, I still disagree with your assessment.
For the trunk dimensions and the canopy dimensions the formula
is using
linear dimensions. Using a volumetric measure might be more
appropriate,
but a canopy does not form a perfect cone or sphere, the trunk
tapers (as
per your formula). Compromises must be made. I feel the simpler
method is
adequate for defining the space. This is especially so
considering that we
are considering each the measurements as a percentile of the
maximum. For
giant trees the formula may or may not breakdown. For a detailed
modeling
of tree form, certainly a more complex set of descriptors might
be needed,
but as a measure of overall bigness this formula is excellent.
We can calculate an index using just circumference and height as
the only
parameters, and we can calculate a figure using circumference,
height, and
crown spread. We could calculate a figure using those three plus
an
additional undetermined parameter using this methodology. If we
base the
numbers on a 1 to 100 or 1 to 1000 scale, all of these would
generate
numbers in a comparable range. This would let us see how
inclusion of each
of these different parameters affected the overall picture. Part
of the
beauty of the formula is that all values are treated equally.
I agree that whatever method is chosen, there may be problems
with
certain trees. The formula by comparing the measured parameter
with the
largest known measure of that parameter, I believe minimizes
that problem.
Please post additional thought you have on the issue, or propose
an
alternate formula. I am sure many of us are interested in what
you have to
say on the subject.
Ed
|
RE:
Standardized tree hypervolumes |
wad-@comcast.net |
Jan
24, 2005 16:20 PST |
Ed
1) 300 point scale. I think it will appeal the masses, but is
that what we want.
2) I think the data base should be updated at the find of a new
champ. I don't think it will happen that often, after the
initial year or so. As mentioned before, the data could be
calculated easily using a spreadsheet. If not, then at least
annually. I know the 10 year span for the Pa tree list probably
frustrates alot of people who find a new tree one year after the
latest results come out.
Scott
|
RE:
Will's WAY COOL proposed new system- 300 vs. 100 points |
edward
coyle |
Jan
24, 2005 16:46 PST |
Scott,
I too am inclined toward the tri-measure. I think more reduction
leads to
a lesser impression, or picture, of an individual tree.
Ed C
|
RE:
Standardized tree hypervolumes |
fores-@earthlink.net |
Jan
24, 2005 17:15 PST |
So all
the coefficients are going to be 0.33333 (or 1) each? No more
thought of testing out various weights for the final output?
a(% of max species Height) + b(% of max species Width) + c(% max
species
Spread) and a+b+c=1.0 (or 3.0)
anyway I suppose it doesn't matter anyway, as long as height,
situation,
etc. anyone can make up there own tables
as they see fit, renormalizing % of each factor to max for
location type
and setting coefficients as they desire, there isn't a way to
make one
single list that's good for every purpose or desire
anyway.
one thing
though with officially keeping open and forest completely tied
together,
well won't this, with equal coefficients case in particular,
mean that a
great many in forest trees might not even make it onto the table
and
perhaps in other cases notable lawn trees, how many of each type
will
appear? if just one from each region then obviously there will
be no way to
rebuild the table since you'll loose whatever % of species for
each table
type. even if say 5 of each species get in the list, maybe it is
a species
that gets exceptional girth and spread in the open and so much
less so that
no amount of height will let any forest tree make the list. what
exactly is
going to be plugged into the list, all significant finds from
each region
(many entries per region) or just one tree per region, etc.?
|
3)
Sould we be using the current biggest tree, or a
historical measurement
that is larger if it was an ENTS measurement with good
information? |
I would also
favor historical.
|
1)
Should it be the sum of the three percentiles or the
average with the
system based on 100%. Tom Diggens, Darrian Copiz, and
myself have
supported a 100 percent scale. Others, including Will
Blozan and Lee
Frelich, favor adding the three figures together.
|
if we did go to varying coefficients, I might set spreads
coefficient=0.0,
heh. In some ways I can see it being quite worthy though. In
other ways it
seems more problematic and rather a pain. I think overall I
could easily
live without it. I would certainly scale it way down at least,
to be no
more than a modest tie-breaker (of course there are truly
horrible counter
examples, one the worst of which would be the Live Oak, in
general though,
I think it might make more of a mess than help, I can think of
scenarios
were it could mess things up as badly as it would help for Live
Oak, not sure.)
|
Re:
Will's WAY COOL system - problems |
fores-@earthlink.net |
Jan
24, 2005 17:37 PST |
Ed,
They
are good points.
OTOH, I keep envisioning this fat white-ash that grew to immense
spread
open-grown, branching exceptionally low to the ground and how
while it
seemed big it just didn't seem nearly as big as this one I saw
off-trail in
Pine Orchard that just towered up soooo high, but a very narrow
crown. I
think with the 1,1,1 (1/3,1/3,1/3) factors it would not even
make the list
though and would appear to be almost incomparably smaller by
these #'s which
isn't the feel that I get around them. And say there was some
redwood 50'
taller and similar diameter to one that, for some reason, and
maybe it
doesn't occur to this extent, had exceptional enough spread to
come out as
high or even much higher in final score. still, I do see your
valid points
regarding spread.
|
From:
Edward Frank
This is perhaps not a tightly defined
concept, but reflects a balance of all the parameters
that contribute to
the aesthetic concept of bigness.
Should all of the factor be weighed equally? For a
couple of reasons I
would argue that yes they should be treated equally. You
think average
crown spread is arbitrary and useless. I am not sure it
is. The crown
spread represents to some degree the size of the tree
canopy. This is
where all leaves are located, where all of the branches
are located, where
all of the photosynthesis is taking place. It is hardly
a trivial area of
the tree in a biological sense, although it may be in
terms of volume.
You
certainly know far more than I do about tree canopy
structure from your detailed mapping of giant trees
around the world. If I
were to look for an expert on the subject, you would be
the one I would
call, but on this question about whether canopy spread
is a useful
measurement or not, I still disagree with your
assessment.
|
|
RE:
Standardized tree hypervolumes |
Edward
Frank |
Jan
24, 2005 17:37 PST |
Larry,
Three equal measures seems to be the way almost everyone wants,
but nothing
has been decided yet. I noted in my last email that you wanted
to weight
canopy spread less than the other factors, and BVP ask about
whether we
were sure we wanted to give all three values equal weight. I
favor giving
them all the same weight, but it is not universal. I will be
happy to
repost the questions, or post a new message, asking whether all
factors
should be weighed equally or weighted in some manner.
It is my understanding that every tree with measurements will be
included
in the list so that there won't be any forest grown or open
grown trees
with measurements left out.
There may be situations where differences in girth overwhelm
those of
height or crown spread, or the opposite. We just need to wait
and see what
the data shows. If the results turn out to be too skewed for
reasonable
rankings, the list can be sorted by forest or open grown, or the
weight of
each parameter could easily be adjusted by changing a number in
a
calculating cell. All factors being equal seems the most
appropriate way
to start.
the formula is really:
(1/max height) specimen height) + (1/max girth) specimen girth)
+ (1/max
canopy spread) specimen canopy spread) = Points, the choice then
under
this scenario would be raw points as listed, or a percentage
value derived
by dividing the result by 3. (I also suggested expanding the
percentage
derived by multiplying by 1000 to give a larger, more appealing,
number
representation)
One of the ideas for the database is to give people access to
the raw
information so that they can manipulate the information to
whatever need
they have. So the information can be reprocessed to reflect
whatever
sorting or weighting of the parameters you want.
Ed Frank
|
RE:
Standardized tree hypervolumes - Weighting Parameters |
Edward
Frank |
Jan
24, 2005 17:40 PST |
ENTS,
Larry Baum and Bob Van Pelt have both questioned whether or not
we wanted
to weigh all three of the parameters under discussion evenly -
Height,
Girth, and Canopy Spread. What are your opinions, please try to
explain
the pros and cons of each option in your reply. I have
previously stated
my opinion.
Ed Frank |
RE:
Standardized tree hypervolumes |
edward
coyle |
Jan
24, 2005 18:16 PST |
Larry,
As I understand your concern for 'losing' a species, due to its
being
forest or field grown, I can only think that it would depend on
the list.
All trees would not, and should not, make a national list. It
would be
exhaustive. However, a plot or site, might require recording
every species
present.
As the list jumped in scope to state, or regional level, your
particular
trees may be lost due to their relative unimportance. For
example a state
champion something might disappear from an East coast listing.
The list can be made to any level you want,plot, site, state,
region. It
will have ultimate comparison with the hyper volume tree values.
The number
of each species listed could be unlimited, but would more
likely, it would
be reduced to a managable number,and be representative
of the best the sub plot has to offer.
That's how I understand the concept at this juncture.
Ed C
|
RE:
Standardized tree hypervolumes |
fores-@earthlink.net |
Jan
24, 2005 18:17 PST |
|
Darian
Copiz wrote:
In regards to topic of discussion 2 below, I think there
are some
problems with not continuously updating a database. ...
One
way to help solve the problem
of an old base line would be to use the scoring system
in conjunction
with the actual measurements. Almost all big tree lists
I can think of
list the measurements in addition to the final score.
|
I guess it would be easy enough to keep up to date. Each % for
the three
values would be calculated based off of excel cell location for
that
species max girth, height, spread so it could automatically update
for every
tree of that species without any work at all, since it is is
recording all
the data for each tree. You could have a function that goes down
the list
automatically finds the largest for each of the three values and
stick it
in the storage box for that tree which the percentage boxes
would then make
their calculations based off of. You'd have functions to grab
this for
state, region, location type etc. and then other telling which
to use.
actually this msg is getting garbled i don't have time to be
coherent now,
back to work.
|
RE:
Standardized tree hypervolumes - Weighting Parameters |
Paul
Jost |
Jan
24, 2005 18:18 PST |
Ed,
I never liked spread since it assumes nicely symmetrical trees.
It
penalizes trees with asymmetrical crowns. It usually doesn't
tell you
anything about growth potential since trees shed branches too
easily.
BVP once mentioned using the length of the longest branch. If we
needed
to add a third dimension to the scoring parameters, then I
believe that
the third dimension of longest branch is probably the fairest.
Also,
the longest branch measurement is as easy to make as the height
and
girth measurements, while spread may be difficult to make on
steep
grades or on trees overhanging rivers. Spread on a line through
a tree
trunk is also more prone to error to those not careful in their
measurements due to the fact that the measurer uses his opinion
and
perspective to assume the axis of greatest spread. Average
spread then
takes the spread of the axis at a right angle to the axis of the
maximum spread. In a large data set with many measurers, it is
just
too sloppy of a measurement to consider of equal weighting to
girth and
height.
As far as 100 vs. 300 points go, who cares - it's all relative
anyway.
But the advantage to a 100% scoring system over a 300 point
system is
that you can take a preliminary measurement without spread and
see where
it lies. Most of us may never take spreads on the majority of
trees
anyway unless we find that it's score warrants fine tuning due
to it's
large size. Otherwise, large trees missing one dimension will be
too
far down the list in a 300 point system. This has been one of my
pet
peeves on the AF scoring system.
Paul Jost |
Parameters
- Max Crown Spread or Longest Branch |
Edward
Frank |
Jan
24, 2005 19:02 PST |
ENTS
Question(4): What should we be using to measure crown spread:
Average
crown spread, maximum crown spread, or longest branch?
Paul Jost suggested the following: "BVP once mentioned
using the length of
the longest branch. If we needed to add a third dimension to the
scoring
parameters, then I believe that the third dimension of longest
branch is
probably the fairest. Also, the longest branch measurement is as
easy to
make as the height and girth measurements, while spread may be
difficult to
make on steep grades or on trees overhanging rivers."
Bob Leverett stated in a previous post: "It's my
understanding that we
would be using maximum spread for a tree instead of average
spread. How
does that impact your thinking about the 300 point system? If we
were to
use weights, do you have a feel for how they should be
determined to do
justice to volume?"
Average crown spread is a different concept than longest branch
or maximum
crown spread. Much of the existing data may be in the form of
average
crown spread, but we could dig out a longest branch
approximation for many
of them. The biggest are remeasured frequently and could be
redone using a
revised measure criteria. So this should not be an overwhelming
factor.
Ed Frank
|
Re:
RE: Will's WAY COOL proposed new system- 300 vs. 100 points |
Jess
Riddle |
Jan
24, 2005 20:17 PST |
I often think of ENTS tree measuring as investigating the
potential of
different species, and I believe several others have placed
measuring in
the same context. From that perspective, this new point system
makes
great sense. Keeping potential in mind suggests that we use all
ENTS
measurements not just the greatest current dimensions of known
trees; that
is, we should use historical data. That view also supports
updating the
reference values continuously to best reflect the species' known
potential. That process would diminish the value of posting old
trip
reports on the website, so I'm not nearly as firm in my position
on this
point. If the list were updated with each new record, that event
would be
a fairly common as evidenced by six new records in one day
recent day of
measuring in the Congaree.
A 300 point system seems a significantly more useful format than
a 100
point system. Reduced intuitive appeal has been cited as the
main
drawback of the 300 point system, but no one on this list has
requested
further explanation of how the 300 point system world work and
it seems
unlikely that the system would remain perplexing to anyone after
a moments
consideration; the 100 point system may be more intuitive, but
the
difference is too small to cause any real difficulties. On the
other
hand, the 300 point system does provide some unique flexibility.
We have
little spread data for many species, so if we add the height and
girth
percentiles for those species we essentially have a scoring
system out of
two hundred points. Looking at those score would immediately
reveal that
one dimension had been left out whereas with a 100 point system
how much
data had contributed to the point score would be unclear. The
300 point
system would be analogous to the use of the Wisconsin School
statistic or
Importance Values where three percentiles are normally combined
to obtain
a value but the frequency value may be omitted if only one plot
is used
and a note is simply made that the scores are out of 200. Anyone
more
familiar with those systems feel free to correct me, or
elaborate if that
is incorrect.
I'm still undecided on long branch vs. no spread vs. long
spread; however,
if spread is used I would argue for long branch or maximum
spread over
average spread. Again, either of the latter two dimensions relay
information about the structural potential of a species while
average
spread obscures the raw data.
Having something to refer to the point system by rather than
"300 point
system" would be nice. Hyper-volume doesn't appeal to me
since I keep
thinking of hyper as a prefix, and that meaning does not apply
well to
this use. Also, volume is not actually being measured, so that
term could
easily be misinterpreted. Alternatives include percents of
potential
scale (POPS), relative maximum dimension score (RMDS), or some
other name
using percent, relative, maximum, or potential. Don't know if
score or
scale should be kept on the end or not. Fortunately, that
concern is
relatively trivial.
Jess Riddle |
Re:
RE: Will's WAY COOL proposed new system- 300 vs. 100 points |
fores-@earthlink.net |
Jan
24, 2005 22:01 PST |
|
On
the other
hand, the 300 point system does provide some unique
flexibility. We have
little spread data for many species, so if we add the
height and girth
percentiles for those species we essentially have a
scoring system out of
two hundred points. Looking at those score would
immediately reveal that
one dimension had been left out whereas with a 100 point
system how much
data had contributed to the point score would be
unclear. |
Personally, I don't really care much whether
100 or 300, since it is the
exact same
thing and 300 isn't something pain in the neck weird like out of
967.8,
although 100 seems a little
bit more natural since it has been normalized to a more natural
mode for
our typical base 10 way of thinking.
But it's a very minor point, maybe 300 sounds bigger and more
grand, maybe
100 sounds like perfect score, I don't know.
I don't see that your arguments make all that much sense though
in
supporting either 100 or 300, a tree might be
70%,75%,40% for a 170% total and another might easily be 80%,95%
for a 175% total, so I don't see how this 300% system
automatically reveals
whether one aspect has been left out or not, here both are below
200 AND
the one with only two
components is larger. Sure, in many cases if it has less
than 200 it would mean that, but I don't think it would be all
that uncommon
for it not to either, it would be entirely unreliable way to
tell at a
snap, although perhaps trees of such low triple
points would be rare (but then again a forest tree might have
low spread,
big but not tops girth and decent height and often apear less
than 200).
Also, with the 100 points then you just look if its under 66,
same as
checking if its under 200. So whether you add the three (two)
together or add the three together and then divide by 3 (2) they
both seem
equally easy and clear. OTOH, if we tracked all three, but very
or mostly
only used 2 in the end, then 200 is more natural than 66 to deal
with, so
that might favor the 300 system since there would be less
converting thigns
back and forth, although then again if we deal mostly with out
of 200 could
make the 200 a 100 and the few times you use 300 make that out
of 150. |
Jess
weighs in |
dbhg-@comcast.net |
Jan
25, 2005 03:57 PST |
Jess:
Thanks for weighing in on the alternatives. Your writing is
crystal clear. You've done a service for the less numerically
focused on our.
Even though, I support the 300 point system
slightly over the 100 and am partial to the longest limb
slightly over the longest spread, we shouldn't rule out some
weighting umtil we've applied the formula to lots of trees. I'm
presently comparing 16 white pines in New England on all 3
systems: the proposed one, AF, and ENTS Points. From my
perspective the new system is a slight improvement over the
other two for reasons that are as subjective as objective. More
to come on this topic.
Bob |
Re:
Jess weighs in |
Lee
E. Frelich |
Jan
25, 2005 06:28 PST |
Bob:
I agree with Jess. 300 points is more honest, since it tells you
right
away that three factors were used, and for those trees where you
only have
2 measurements, you can compare them using the 200 point scale.
This is
probably the reason that most indexes based on multiple factors,
such as
the plant abundance system I explained in a previous e-mail, use
200 or 300
points.
The longest limb is probably the best measurement to take for
purposes of
comparing big trees.
I take the crown radius in several directions and use elliptical
formulas
to calculate crown area, since I am usually interested in area
occupied by
trees in different age classes. However, that is much more
detailed data
than necessary for big tree comparisons.
Lee
|
Random
thoughts on measuring and formulas |
Robert
Leverett |
Jan
25, 2005 06:32 PST |
ENTS:
The unprecedented burst of e-mails on where to
take the measuring
game has been music to the ears of those of us who have been
wanting to
see us have a good debate on the subject for a long time. This
morning
John Knuerr and I discussed the direction we seemed to be
heading and
John made the observation that ENTS is in the business of
collecting raw
measurement data on trees using sound techniques and then making
the
data available for the portrayal of results for any number of
purposes.
John is absolutely right. We are about the processes of data
collection
than about achieving a particular end result. Science, big tree
beauty
pageants, and historical documentation all fit the bill,
provided we
collect enough data.
From our growing base of raw data, we can
compute all kinds of scores
and indices and array them for a variety of potential purposes.
For
instance, in comparing two trees with an eye toward crowning one
an
overall size champion, we also are inclined to stray into
troubled
waters. We too calculate composite tree scores based on a single
compromise formula. And we observe over and over that the
results are
entirely unsatisfactory for a substantial percentage of
comparisons.
Given the impossibly varied forms taken by trees, this will
always be
the case. However, if we expand our measurements by taking
circumference
at the base, at the traditional 4.5 feet, and another at 6.5
feet if
tree shape allows, height at the major branching point, maximum
limb
length, average radial crown spread, total height, number of
trunks,
number of major branches, etc. we can make a variety of
meaningful
comparisons. We may reach an overall conclusion that one tree is
bigger
than another or we may not. But the data will all be there and
available
to mull over ad infinitum. We lse no detail, disguise no
features. So
John's reminding me this morning that ENTS is in the business of
collecting accurate data and making it available for a variety
of
presentation purposes and anaylses really does speak to our
mission.
Contests will always be fun and there is no
harm in us having a tree
ranking system of our own, of building a slightly betetr mouse
trap - so
long as we don't take it too seriously.
Bob
|
Re:
RE: Will's WAY COOL proposed new system- 300 vs. 100 points |
edward
coyle |
Jan
25, 2005 06:57 PST |
All,
I have been thinking about this nonstop since its idea was
brought forth.
Many probative questions have been raised, and this is great! I
believe we
are on the verge of having a universally usable, and comparable,
dimension
relativity index.
I will list my thoughts, for what they're worth, regarding some
of the ideas
put forth.
I favor using maximum spread.
Though this may give some edge to field grown specimens, many
examples of
forest monarchs could be given. Combining field and forest grown
does not
present a problem for me. Using max spread, as opposed to
longest limb
extension, might better show species potential, rather than a
forced, errant
branch. Either method used does not indicate canopy mass, or
volume
potential. Neither does averaging a perpendicular crossing. It
is only for
max spread potential, one of our index criteria.
I favor using the 300 point scale.
We use three measurements, and always have, to obtain a size
ranking.
Beyond that application more involved measuring is needed, and
beyond the
scope of the index. Examples, volume, biomass-to whatever
extent, etc.
The weighting of the three variables is best done by applying
100% to
each. How can applying a handicap to one aspect of three, more
indicate the
value of that measure? It cannot.
There is no more accurate way to judge relativity than by using
the
maximum example known, not 60% of that value, for example.
Surely, if one can understand a percentage of 100, a simple
combination of
three of these should present no difficulty. Reducing the three
to a single
number does not change the tree, but it is an unnecessary step.
Perhaps it
is a matter of perception. I clearly understood how Bob L's
sycamores rated
for the Northeast, better I think, than if I had a single 89%
number given.
Maybe too, it is because I look at every tree in three
dimensions as a
matter of course.
Historical measurements.
ENTS measurements should be our base. That would include past
ones, ie.
Boogerman. Species potential does not change due to physical
breakage.
Though they are undoubtedly related, we have an accurately
measured 207'(~)
tree as a max height value.
Ed C
|
RE:
Jess weighs in |
Robert
Leverett |
Jan
25, 2005 07:07 PST |
Lee:
Taking it one step further, in the data we
present, I think we should
always present the raw data, never just the end score. Then
other
calculations can be readily performed.
Back in the middle 1990s when Will Blozan,
Jack Sobon, and I were
working on "Stalking the Forest Monarchs - a Guide to
Measuring Champion
Trees", we experimented with a couple of techniques to compute
average
crown spread. Shooting the spread from the periphery to the
trunk as a
system of radii taken at intervals of perhaps 45 degrees was my
favorite system. From those data, minor and major axes can be
derived
for purposes of crown area as well as average crown spread. Then
looking
for the single longest limb adds that additional piece of data
about the
growth potential of the particular tree.
Oh, but that's a lot of measurements to take
and not apt to be done
on every tree - at least not by me. I know myself pretty well.
So it has
occurred to me for ENTS purposes, we may want to identify three
classes
of trees: (1) special ENTS trees that we measure fully, (2) a
second
class that we measure partially, and (3) other trees. Any
thoughts along
those lines?
Bob
|
RE:
RE: Will's WAY COOL proposed new system- 300 vs. 100 points |
Darian
Copiz |
Jan
25, 2005 07:18 PST |
ENTS,
Although I was a previous proponent of a 100 point system, the
arguments
for a 300 scale are very good - particularly that it is more
honest, and
reflects three measurements.
I agree with Ed on the max spread being used over a single
branch.
Otherwise a tree with one single very long branch could beat a
tree with
a large, uniform canopy. Of course a tree could also have two
very
long branches that just happen to be opposite each other with no
other
branches, but that seems highly unlikely and even if it was the
case it
would still be a pretty impressive tree. Also, I don't know if
it's
actually so, but I think a tree growing in the forest would have
a
better chance of competing with an open grown tree if the max
spread is
used rather than an average spread.
There was one name for the index that had a particularly
beautiful ring
to it: "Magnitude of Massivity", although I don't
think it was
necessarily the most accurately descriptive. I think the word
"potential" and similar could be important.
Darian
|
Point
System Spreadsheet |
Edward
Frank |
Jan
25, 2005 11:04 PST |
ENTS,
I have posted a spreadsheet compiled by Bob Leverett showing the
rankings
using various point systems for some select trees from the NE to
the ENTS
Website. I have links to the spreadsheet on the ENTS index page,
Newest
Updates page, and on the Measurement page, so you should be able
to find it.
January 25, 2005
|
Measuring
and formulas |
John
Eichholz |
Jan
25, 2005 12:39 PST |
ENTS:
I have been reading these emails with interest and finally have
some
time to contribute. First I would like to state that I favor the
300
point percentile ranking, or more accurately, any number of
percentile
rankings scaled to the maximum (ENTS recorded) measurement
available.
It seems to me each measure should be reported separately, then
combined. The spread measurements are less likely to exist for
most of
our historical data and probably future data as well, simply
because it
it more time consuming and less intuitively important. Perhaps
thinking
about spread is taking us into the arena of modeling or
diagramming? I
am reminded of the beautiful drawings made by Bob Van Pelt.
Surely if
we are interested in maximum limb or spread we are going to
appreciate a
well composed photograph or scale drawing, to see the mechanism
by which
the tree achieves its score. But that sets the bar too high for
casual
measurements or or site surveys. I guess the longest limb is an
honest
metric in that it is absolute. But, are we to take the reading
along
its length, or along the ground? Are we interested in canopy
area or
mass of wood? This adds another twist to the multiple stem
discussion,
as each stem could be considered a limb in its own right.
The percentile scale ranking has interested me from the start. I
first
used it when comparing Mount Peak measurements to those from
Mohawk
Trail State Forest. I found most instructive the comparisons of
rankings by species. I was able to see which species excelled at
my
site, and which lacked, even though I could tell the overall
index was
lower. When I saw Mount Peak Shagbark Hickory at 97% of MTSF, I
decided
to keep studying the site! From an ecological standpoint, the
age class
is another important variable. The 120' white pines at Mt Peak
are only
55 years old. What percentile of 55 year old white pines do they
fall into?
Another thought that comes up is the need to have a widely
available
master list, like Colby maintained, of the reported maxima by
species
and region. Without this, none of us will be able to accurately
report
the percentile scores with our raw data. The Rucker indices by
site are
a ready starting point for site based height maxima. Until we
canvas as
heavily for girth as we have for height we probably can't say
with
certainty much about the site based percentile scores there.
(Although
the global maxima may well have been found out on the AF lists.)
As for the circumference/ basal area discussion, from a data
collection
standpoint I feel we should freely collect girth at whatever
heights we
wish, as long as the height of measurement is reported and the
4.5'
measurement is included if possible. If we have enough girth
measurements for a tree, we begin to allow for modeling of the
volume of
the trunk in a meaningful way. What sequence of girth
measurements
would be enough to get a good feel for the trunk volume?
We ENTS have such an important role to play in documenting our
forests,
it is great to see such a lengthy discussion about what they
mean and
how to best do it.
John |
Ruminations
on scoring systems... |
Don
Bragg |
Jan
25, 2005 13:11 PST |
I'm not sure my first posting of this made it, so here it is
again
(sorry if it is redundant)...
Some ruminations about the recent discussion on the new scoring
system
for big trees...I would presume the ENTS records would still
maintain
the individual measurements of diameter/circumference, height,
average
crown spread (or whatever measure of crown size), rather than
just the
ENTS score. Thus, it would be possible to
calculate any of a number of
indices using this raw data, including the AF bigness index, or
one
scaled on 100, 300, 1000, etc. I have always
been partial to
percentile scaling, probably because of years of experience with
school
grades. Obviously, any of the systems could be
converted from one to
another using a simple multiplier. All that I would ask is that
the
final system make more intuitive sense than that used to
evaluate
quarterbacks in football, where a "perfect" or maximal
score is
something funky like 158.3. Call my vote as a
lukewarm one for the 100
scale...
I would also say that retaining past tree data (if known to be
accurate)
is more appropriate than constantly changing what is supposed to
be a
maximal dimension with whatever trees we happen to find.
"Shrinking"
champions would not be as informative as the long-term body of
information. That is why I would also suggest
keeping as many of these
records in the database as possible, but identifying them with a
column
that indicates alive versus dead. I would also recommend keeping
as
many of the live big tree records in the dataset as possible,
even if
they are not that close to champion size. From
a research perspective,
the more information available, the more useful the dataset.
The arguments about crown spread (longest branch, average
spread, etc.)
should not necessarily be couched as reflective of crown volume,
and
hence a further direct indication of tree size. Crown length is
also
vital to determining crown volume, especially for many species
with
pronounced apical dominance. This is
particularly true of some of the
tallest conifers in the western U.S. (e.g., Doug-fir), that can
reach
extreme heights without producing a wide crown. They maintain
their
massive biomass by spreading their crown vertically along their
extended
stem, rather than reaching out horizontally. Eastern
analogs would
include most spruces and firs, which have a large amount of
crown
biomass in a narrow form. Simply including crown spread would
fail to
recognize the vertical dimension of crown volume. Measuring
crown
length would also require determination of which aspect of this
attribute to include (first live branch, or continuous crown,
etc.), but
these could be use to calculate a basic estimate of crown volume
directly that may be much more relevant to total tree
dimensions.
I would guess that at some point, a consensus should be reached
that
identifies which parameters are to be measured, establishes
acceptable
protocols, and these should be posted as the requirements for
inclusion
on the ENTS lists. We should not rush to judgment (good or bad)
on any
of these aspects, lest we fail to adequately describe the trees
in the
most appropriate manner, and thereafter institutionalize a
flawed
process. It would be most difficult and awkward
to try to change the
process decades down the road, as AF has to face. After all, we
also
need to consider that our records of tree measurement should set
the
standard and be as valid to researchers and tree lovers in
2105...
Don Bragg
********************
Research Forester
Monticello, AR
|
RE:
Ruminations on scoring systems... |
Robert
Leverett |
Jan
25, 2005 13:27 PST |
Don:
Valuable post. I agree completely that there
should be no rush to
judgement and posting the raw data is a must so that any number
of
indices can be calculated. Your point about the verticality
aspect of
crown development is a good one. Food for thought. I wonder what
are Lee
Frelich's and Bob Van Pelt's thoughts on this.
Bob
|
Re:
Ruminations on scoring systems... |
Edward
Frank |
Jan
25, 2005 15:30 PST |
ENTS,
I would like to say a few words in favor of average crown
spread. I really
think the purpose of a big tree formula is to represent the tree
as it is.
There has been alot of talk about the longest branch or maximum
crown
spread as an indication of the potential for the tree. The big
tree
formula should be about the actuality of the tree being
measured, rather
than it's potential. Average crown spread is the best
representation of
the size of the crown in a particular tree, not longest branch
or maximum
crown spread. It may be more difficult to measure, but is most
representative.
Don Bragg talked about how some trees have a narrow crown spread
but a long
vertical component to the crown. This is true, and by comparison
these
species will suffer in a regional compilation including a
variety of tree
with a broader crowns.
However for determining the largest tree of a particular
species, the
comparison are between examples of that species. Small crown
spread to
small crown spread, like to like. The number for a particular
tree is a
percentile of the largest of that species. A strength of the
proposed
system is that it works no matter what the shape of the tree for
comparisons within a species.
Ed Frank
|
Re:
Ruminations on scoring systems...devils advocate |
edward
coyle |
Jan
25, 2005 16:46 PST |
Ed,
Don't take offense, but I must play the devils advocate on this.
The max
crown spread, or an averaged crown spread, show only 2 or 4
points on a
trees crown. They really tell nothing of the form, condition, or
volume of
the canopy. What the measurements are is a linear measurement to
define
crown width. Why would this measurement be averaged, when the
other two are
not? We go for the highest sprig, not the average of the three
top sprigs.
To be fair, I understand the rational. In my mind, there is no
difference in
either...except, the longest measurement is diminished when
averaging. I
would prefer to keep the maximum width, and add it to the other
two
maximums.
Ed C
|
RE:
Ruminations on scoring systems...EXCELLENT |
Will
Blozan |
Jan
25, 2005 18:08 PST |
Well said! Great discussion and comments!
For big tree lists, crown length would not be needed, but would
certainly be
a feature to track, but one that I personally will not generally
gather data
on. Also, considering we have, when all compiled, 5000+ ENTS
measured trees
in the database, virtually none of these will have canopy length
data. We
can start, but what for? The proposed ranking system is not an
attempt to
calculate volume of the tree or canopy. Models such as these can
be derived
as BVP has done, but is beyond the immediate scope of a simple
and fair
rating system. Maybe I am missing something... It would be cool
to be able
to predict the height of a tree based solely on the lowest
branch height!
I do like the idea and the thoughts behind it.
Will
|
RE:
Ruminations on scoring systems... CROwN SPREAD |
Will
Blozan |
Jan
25, 2005 18:08 PST |
Ed,
Honestly, crown spread has always been the last thing on my mind
since the
AF formula trivialized it to the point of "why
bother". We do not take an
average crown height or an average girth at various points so I
see no
reason right now to "muddy" one of the three
dimensions.
I'll think more on it...
Will
|
RE:
Standardized tree hypervolumes - RESPONSE TO PAUL JOST |
Will
Blozan |
Jan
25, 2005 18:24 PST |
Paul,
MY COMMENTS IN CAPITALS
"Also, the longest branch measurement is as easy to make as
the height and
girth measurements,"
IT WOULD TAKE LOTS OF SEARCHING TO FIND ONE BRANCH JUST 1 FOOT
LONGER THAN
ANOTHER...
" while spread may be difficult to make on steep grades or
on trees
overhanging rivers."
I WOULD ARGUE THAT IF THE TREE HAS A LIGHT GAP OF WATER, A STEEP
SLOPE OR A
CLIFF THAT WOULD BE THE LOCATION OF THE LONGEST BRANCH! SUCH
SPREADS CAN BE
MEASURED WITH A RANGEFINDER, TOO.
WOULD THE LONGEST BRANCH BE MEASURED FROM ITS ORIGIN IN THE
TRUNK OR AT THE
BARK COLLAR? EITHER WAY IT WOULD INVOLVE SOME PLUMB-BOBBING TO
GET BOTH
ENDS, ESPECIALLY IF THE TREE LEANS. EVEN A SLIGHT LEAN ON A TALL
TREE CAN
CHANGE THE LONG BRANCH LENGTH BY A FEW FEET. FOR SOME SHORT
SPREAD SPECIES
THIS WOULD BE SIGNIFICANT. I WOULD NOT ENJOY FINDING AND
MEASURING THE
LONGEST BRANCH ON A 160' HEMLOCK IN RHODODENDRON. THE REALITY
IS- I WON'T DO
IT, OR AT LEAST NOT ACCURATELY. THE OTHER REALITY IS I WILL NOT
HAVE TO DO
IT IN A FEW YEARS ANYWAY. HWA- DAMN SAPSUCKING BASTARDS!!!
Enough capitals! Will |
RE:
Point System Spreadsheet |
Paul
Jost |
Jan
25, 2005 18:34 PST |
I was wondering how the spreadsheet would score the trees on a
national
scale with our all time reliably measured limits. Does anyone
know our
ENTS verified greatest eastern white pine dimensions other than
the 207'
height record?
I've measured forest grown pines up to around 17-19' in girth
and one in
northwestern Wisconsin to about 20' (although only about 60'
tall - a
real freakish wind blown taper from 40' to the top.) I haven't
measured
a lot of pine spreads but think that I have them up to 40-50'. I
have
to dig through some old boxes in the attic to get to the real
numbers.... what does the database show?
Paul Jost |
RE:
Standardized tree hypervolumes - RESPONSE TO PAUL JOST |
Paul
Jost |
Jan
25, 2005 18:51 PST |
Actually, a branch length would be measured from one spot. Move
with
the clinometer to a point directly beneath the end and then use
the
rangefinder and clinometer to calculate the range times the
cosine of
the clinometer angle to the bark collar.
The real problem with spread measurements or longest branch
measurements
is that to take them accurately, you usually need to spend a lot
of time
taking many measurements to accurately determine the longest
branch and
even more difficultly find the greatest spread. Most people
would take
shortcuts and just measure one or two points that appear to be
the
greatest spread. Spread is the most subjective measurement in
the
database and the most likely one to be mismeasured and diminish
the
quality of the database. Girths and heights are relatively easy
to
measure quickly. Few people with spend the time to correctly
measure
spread. I agree that I'd rather just not take the spread
measurement
into account for the score for that reason. It should be taken
only as
extra data for future use but not included in the score.
Even, if it
is
determined that spread or longest branch are going into the
score, I
still will not measure it on any tree that isn't near
championship
status or part of a study plot. I have just too much territory
to cover
and too many trees to measure in places that are too far away to
return
to frequently -- and I'm not getting any younger. That is a
primary
reason why I prefer the 100 point scoring system. On a 300 point
system, you can't tell if a tree is a medium sized tree with 3
data
components or a large tree with 2 dimensions recorded. Most of
Will's
trees won't show up on the list either since only height and
girth are
recorded for most of them. A 100 point system will allow trees
with
only 2 dimensions recorded to be fairly represented. To be truly
fair
and consistent, the third dimension shouldn't even be considered
in the
score. Save the three dimension scoring for study plots where
there is
adequate time to properly obtain all the data required.
Paul Jost
|
Re:
RE: Point System Spreadsheet |
Jess
Riddle |
Jan
25, 2005 18:53 PST |
Those circumferences are impressive. I've never seen anything
like them
in the southern Appalachians. In the southeast, the largest I
know of is
15'3" cbh. |
RE:
Ruminations on scoring systems... CROwN SPREAD |
Edward
Frank |
Jan
25, 2005 19:16 PST |
Will,
We measure girth at a particular arbitrary point on the tree at
4.5 feet.
It is not the maximum as it is measured above the root flair. It
is taken
at a point that fairly represents the best and highest
circumference of a
tree. Height is a discrete characteristic of a tree, not really
something
to be averaged. Crown spread is something different. It is not a
single
entity like the trunk. It is made of a composite of all of the
branches in
the tree at varying heights. It includes large branches and
small of
varying complexity and lengths.
I think cbh and maximum height are fair representations of those
aspects of
the tree. They are characterized by individual measurements
representing
discrete elements of the tree. Crown spread on the other hand
seems to me
to be more of a composite characteristic. I think that simple
measuring
the longest branch (from the base of the trunk) or even the
maximum crown
spread is a misrepresentation of the crown of the tree.
Average crown spread doesn't "muddy" one of the three
dimensions. It is a
fair representation of a more complex part of the tree. With
dozens to
hundreds of branches involved in the canopy, selecting a single
longest
branch to represent the whole, gives a distorted view of the
crown
structure. I understand that we are not attempting to model the
tree
structure. However it is still not right to use an inappropriate
number to
represent an aspect of the tree simply because it is a bigger
number.
I cetainly will be willing to go with whatever parameters and
formula that
is determined to be best by the group. I do want to make
arguments to
everyone so that they may be considered before a final decision
is reached.
Ed Frank
|
Re:
Ruminations on scoring systems... |
Jess
Riddle |
Jan
25, 2005 19:18 PST |
I completely agree with the ideas you base your arguments on,
but I reach
different conclusion. I believe most people using the term
potential are
referring to the potential of the species rather than the
potential of an
individual tree. Even if a tree were allowed grow till the end
of its
natural life without any storm damage, anything from soil
conditions to
what species grow next to it could prevent an individual from
approaching
the maximum dimensions of the species, the species potential as
best we
know.
I also strongly support measuring the tree as it actually
exists;
consequently, I favor longest branch or max spread over average
spread.
The average spread of a tree is a value calculated from two
measurements
of the physical tree, one of which is the max spread. One could
calculate
the average spread of a tree without ever knowing which two
limbs produce
a spread of that length. Conversely, the maximum spread and
longest
branch are each a direct measurement of a physical attribute of
the tree.
Paul Jost's arguments for not placing any more emphasis on
measuring
spread than we already do sound reasonable to me, so this
discussion may
be trivial anyways.
Jess Riddle |
Paul's
caution to us and the ENTS Olympics |
Robert
Leverett |
Jan
26, 2005 05:31 PST |
Paul:
Your caution about dropping the spread
dimension from the point
system is certainly one we've all considered. As you know, ENTS
Pts
doesn't use spread. Trunk circumference is considered a
surrogate for
spread, however calculated. It is food for thought. And while we
are
brainstorming, for purposes of comparison, I've often wondered
why we
don't move farther up the tree to take a circumference
measurement. BVP
once told me that he needed to get as high up the trunk as he
could
reach to get a better idea of trunk taper. That 4.5 feet
corresponds to
breast height on most people and is therefore convenient to
quickly
popping a tape measure around a trunk an reading of the result
might
have more than just a little to do with the use of 4.5 feet.
The question is where would we stop in terms
of including new
measurements. We I could easily see the following as a minimum.
1. Circumference at 1.5 feet to capture
basal area
2. Circumference at 4.5 feet to allow
comparisons to other systems
3. Circumference at 6.0 feet to get a
better handle on trunk taper
4. Height to point of major branching or
to the first conspicuously
large branch
5. Full height
6. Length of longest observed branch
7. Average trunk to crown spread by the
radial method
Of course, we wouldn't collect all the above
measures on each tree,
but how efficiently can the measurements be taken for trees of
major
interest to us? Good question? Well, as soon as this miserable
weather
(ugh, toasty warm weather by your and Lee's experiences) lets
up, maybe
the Mass-Eastern NY A-team can hit the ground measuring. We can
time
ourselves on getting different combinations of the above. Uh,
oh, is
this the introduction of a time factor to measuring suggesting
of real
competition? Okay, how about a tree obstacle measuring course
set up at
Cook Forest, with qualified judges watching to insure that the
measures
are actually being taken. Of course! It would be the start of
the ENTS
Olympics. OMG, with long-legged fellows like Will Blozan and
young
whipper-snappers like you, Dale, Scott, and Jess, I'm in a heap
of
trouble. Gotta have a system of handicaps for old geezers like
me and
Howard. Course, I'm a young fellow compared to Howard. Right
Howard?
Bob
|
RE:
Point System Spreadsheet |
Robert
Leverett |
Jan
26, 2005 05:36 PST |
Paul:
It looks like you hold the girth record for
the largest white pine.
For purposes of including an absolute maximum, what might your
number
be? BTW, where you find the huge pines, are they extreme
rarities, or
are there lots of big trees in the vicinity, e.g. lots of 4-foot
diameter trees, with the occasional 5 to 6-foot diameter tree? I
guess
I'm looking to understand what kinds of averages are to be
expected in
places known for individual giants.
Bob
|
RE:
Ruminations on scoring systems... |
Lee
E. Frelich |
Jan
26, 2005 05:46 PST |
Bob:
I usually measure the heights to the base and widest part of the
crown as
well as total height and crown radius in several directions.
That way I can
use 3-D ellipse formulas to estimate crown volume, although I
have not
found that to be as useful for characterizing forest structure
over large
stands as crown area.
Lee
|
RE:
Point System Spreadsheet |
Paul
Jost |
Jan
26, 2005 05:59 PST |
Well, the MacArthur pine was 17.5' in girth when accurately
measured as
a champ in the distant past and was slightly larger when I
measured it
before it was likely burned down by vandals.
There also was a comparable one the I measured crudely to over
17' with
no bark remaining while falling off the dangling roots over what
was a
riverbank before it washed out. It was the national champ in the
early
1970's on the Little Carp River near Memenga Creek in the
Porkies so an
old AmFor book should have accurate girth numbers.
It was just downstream from the recent Porkies national champ
which was
at or just over 17' (the ENTS group measured the recent one, too
Bob,
and it's in the recent AmFor book.)
The ~20' one no longer exists and I measured even more crudely
since I
was without measuring gear while deer hunting as an 18 year old.
It was
about 3.5 tight hugs with my 6' wingspan, so that number can't
reliably
be used.
I can up the real numbers when I find my old notebook - which I
failed
to find in my last attempt last night. I've got a few more boxes
in the
attic to go through tonight.
Paul Jost |
RE:
Ruminations on scoring systems... |
Paul
Jost |
Jan
26, 2005 06:05 PST |
Lee, Bob, et al,
You may do the additional measurements, but probably only in
study
plots, right? When you were with me, we only did heights and
girths,
the same as Bob or Will when I measured with them. We all
shrugged off
suggestions at taking spreads whenever anyone mentioned it.
Spreads and
additional measurements were only seriously considered for use
on
prospectie champs and future use in study plots. How many of the
trees
in the ENTS database have any spread data? This scoring system
should
be applicable to the entire database for proper usage and an
improved
score used on enhanced data from study areas in the future
phases of
ENTS. For now, we are still scouting for prospective study areas
for
the later phases of the ENTS mission. So, really, only the two
variable
formula is applicable now.
Paul Jost |
Crown
volume and area |
Robert
Leverett |
Jan
26, 2005 06:13 PST |
Lee:
I presume that total crown volume correlates
pretty well with trunk
cirumcerence. Given the lateral squeeze on tree crowns from
competition,
how well does crown area correlate with crown volume? I'm struck
by Don
Bragg's reference to the startegy of Doug-fir to increasing the
photosynthetic material of conifers. I've seen hickories that
seem to
mimic the conifer system. I'm often struck by the narrowness and
verticality of hickory crowns.
Bob
|
RE:
Ruminations on scoring systems... |
Lee
E. Frelich |
Jan
26, 2005 06:44 PST |
Paul:
Yes, the detailed measurements on tree crowns are only for study
plots. I
don't think most ENTS are going to measure these attributes for
large
numbers of trees.
Lee
|
Re:
Crown volume and area |
Lee
E. Frelich |
Jan
26, 2005 06:49 PST |
Bob:
Yes, crown volume is well correlated with cbh and with crown
area within
one species and within one region. Within the Porcupine
Mountains, you can
predict just about everything about a sugar maple tree just
knowing either
its crown are or cbh. However, when you compare sugar maples in
Upper MI
and northern WI to those near Paul's house in southeastern WI,
there is a
big difference. Sugar maples in southern WI have much bigger
crowns than
trees with the same cbh in the north. That is a common
pattern--trees
develop narrower crowns in cooler climates and high latitudes.
Lee
|
thoughts
on spread |
Darian
Copiz |
Jan
26, 2005 08:35 PST |
ENTS,
Perhaps this thread is on pause, but I have been thinking about
spread
measurement and just wanted to post my thoughts before I forget
them.
Measuring Longest Branch:
I like the idea of measuring the longest branch of a tree to the
branch
collar. It is appealing to know what the potential maximum for a
single
branch of a particular species of tree is. It would then be
interesting
to compare this to other trees of the same or different species.
This
measurement would also give a good indication of the potential
maximum
spread of the tree. However, there are problems with it. A
single
branch may not accurately depict how wide the overall crown is.
Some
trees have strongly arching branches that look like an extended
tree
stem. It could be difficult to determine where the branch
actually
starts - I'm thinking Black Walnut and Elms. Additionally the
actual
length of the branch would not be measured, but the horizontal
distance
from the base of the branch to the tip of the branch. This
brings up
the question of what the intended measurement is - potential
branch
length, or potential horizontal spread.
Measuring Longest Spread from Base:
Some of the difficulties in measuring a branch could lead to
just
measuring the maximum horizontal distance from the trunk base.
This
would be appealing as far as determining how far a tree can grow
out
from it's base. One benefit of this would be that trees that are
strongly leaning would then be partially compensated for not
having as
great of a height. However, strongly leaning trees could also be
misrepresented as having a very wide crown because it would
imply that
the theoretical maximum spread of the tree was twice the longest
spread
from the base.
Measuring Longest Spread:
By measuring the maximum spread of a tree it solves the problem
of crown
misrepresentation due to leaning and measures actual maximum
spread
instead of theoretical maximum spread. However, it could still
misrepresent overall spread, although not as much as the
previous two
methods. Another problem is the measuring difficulty.
Measuring Average Spread:
The average spread would give the best indication of of the
tree's
crown. However it would not indicate what the potential maximum
spread
of a species is. As has been stated by others, if maximum height
is
being measured, why not maximum spread? Of course it could be
said that
dbh is not the maximum trunk diameter, but then again it is also
standardized at a given height. Average spread would also be the
most
difficult to measure.
My personal favorite is maximum spread, at least for an index of
maximum
potential. I think it would be unfortunate not to include the
spread in
the final score. However, the difficulty in measuring and the
lack of
this information for previously measured trees definitely seems
a
problem. I sure don't know the answer.
Darian
|
RE:
thoughts on spread |
Robert
Leverett |
Jan
26, 2005 10:09 PST |
Darian:
One of the advantages of my OptiLogoc laser is
that it will measure
the distance to a target that is as close as 4 or 5 feet. For a
tree
that is fairly accessible, I can walk around the tree at the
periphery
of the crown and shoot distances to the trunk. The analogy that
comes to
mind is taht of creating the spokes of a bicycle wheel, except
that the
spokes are different lengths because the rim is shaped more like
the
extensions of an amoeba than a circle. At any given spot, with
the
clinometer aimed upward, you can move forward or backward until
the
outermost extension of the crown at that point is at a 90 degree
angle.
Hopefully, as you circle the tree, you can spot the greatest
horizontal
crown extension and include it as one of the spokes. This method
can
then be used to create a graphical portrayal of the projection
of the
crown in shadow form. It allows for the calculation of average
crown
spread to trunk - as opposed to through the trunk and to the
other side
of the tree.
On rare occasions, I've successfully
used this method. Limitations
abound in cities and towns where tree crowns extend over
structures or
you suddenly find yourself in the middle of traffic with people
honking
their horns at you and casting aspersions on the marital status
of your
parents.
Where there's a will (and a Will)
there's a way. In hunting for the
most extreme examples of a species to better understand its
genetic
potential in varying environmental conditions, there's no such
thing as
too many measurements. We need lots of direct measurements of
ideal
trees so we can establish factors to use when dimensions can't
be
obtained such as when in-forest conditions obscure the limits of
a crown
spread.
In terms of calculating branch length as
opposed to horizontal
extension, so long as the branch isn't to crooked, you can use
any of
several trigonometric methods to calculate length. Line yourself
up with
the branch so that you, the tip of the branch and where it grows
out of
the trunk are in a straight line. Shooting distances to the end
of the
branch and its point of origin and shooting the angles to the
tip and
point of origin sets up a situation to use the law of cosines to
compute
the branch length. I'll draw a diagram on an Excel spreadsheet
and pass
it to Ed Frank. Here, I'm speaking of a well-behaved branch that
doesn't
curve to the side.
Bob
|
ENTS
Big Tree Formulas |
Edward
Frank |
Jan
28, 2005 09:11 PST |
ENTS,
Another weekend is here, so perhaps people will again be
interested in
continuing the discussion on Will's proposed big tree formula.
This is a
summary of the questions to be considered, with a brief note on
some of the
arguments. I am trying to be fair to all sides and trying to
make sure
everyone gets their viewpoints considered. Please post any
additional
concerns to the discussion list.
Will Blozan on Jan 22 presented the following proposal: "I
want to present
an idea I have discussed with Bob L. in the past, and it is a
system that
reflects Paul's desire for a relative score. It is also
independent of
units, but is variable as new maximums are found and does not
allow for
inter-specific comparisons unless superimposed upon an absolute
maximum
"base"... With an existing database (ENTS) a set of
maximums of girth,
height, and spread are established. The maximums are given a
rating of 100,
which represents 100% of the known maximum." He goes on to
explain that
for each tree a percentile rating for each of these three
parameters would
be calculated in which the dimensions for that particular tree
would be
represented as a percentage of the maximum size for that species
in the
database. The sum of these three percentiles would then
represent the
trees total points out of a possible three hundred point total.
This is
also known as a hypervolume rating.
The proposal generated one of the most active discussions in the
history of
the discussion list. Most people liked the basic premise and
discussions
relate to details of its implementation. There are a number of
points that
have been raised in these discussions.
1) Do we want to include height, girth, and canopy spread in the
formula,
or do we just want to include height and girth? The premise is
that many
of our tree measurements only include height and girth, and some
have
questioned the utility of canopy spread in the overall size
calculation.
There is a spreadsheet published on the website that illustrates
the
different rankings generated in a sample set of 24 white pines
using these
two options. I have links to the spreadsheet on the ENTS index
page,
Newest Updates page, and on the Measurement page, so you should
be able to
find it.
2) Do we want all three parameters - height, girth, and crown
spread to be
given equal weight in the final formula? If they should be
weighted
differently, what weight should each be given.
The argument in favor of doing so include the idea that by
giving them all
the same weight the formula is more shape independent than
similar formulas
from AF and others. Overall it is a simpler, more straight
forward system,
and more elegant in its implementation. It may be more
ecologically
representative if all are given the same weight.
There are arguments in favor of weighting the parameters
differently. Some
question the value of the canopy spread component at all, and
would limit
it to tie-breaking or eliminate it completely. Height is viewed
by many as
a more critical dimension than the other two in determining the
biggest
tree. It can be pointed out that using the base formula in which
all
values are equal, the Boogerman Pine, the Longfellow Pine, and
the Seneca
Pine, the three tallest trees in the dataset, rank 7, 9, and 11
respectively using the base formula. The sample spreadsheet
shows the base
calculations, and has a column in which height is given a 2x
weight in the
formula.
3) Should we have two ratings, one based upon 2 parameters -
height and
girth - and a separate rating based upon height, girth, and
crown? If we
choose this option should the parameters be weighted to force a
similar
ranking between the two measures (in this case one example would
be h + g,
versus 2h + g + c)?
4) Should we use the historical maximums from ENTS measured
trees or the
current maximums? The prime example is the Boogerman Pine which
was
measured at 207 feet, while its current height is about 187
feet. Most
people have seemed to favor historical maximums.
5) If we use crown spread as one of the parameters, should we be
using
average crown spread, maximum crown spread, or longest limb
length (as
measured by horizontal distance from the base of the trunk - I
assume).
This has received a great deal of discussion. Please refer to
the old
posts sent to your computer, on the topica website, or posted as
a thread
on the ENTS website.
6) Should we be using a three hundred point system ( or 200 if
canopy
spread is eliminated) or should everything be converted to a 100
point/percentage system?
Many people feel that a 300 point system is a more honest
representation of
the fact we are using three parameters in the calculation. Other
people
feel that a 100 point system is simpler to understand and would
allow trees
that have been ranked using different numbers of parameters (2,
3, or more)
to be directly compared. Please refer to the spreadsheet to see
how the
rankings change whether two parameters or three parameters are
used in the
calculation. Overall either option can be converted to the other
with a
simple multiplier of 3 or 1/3.
7) What would be a good acronym for the formula(s)?. It can be
basic like
HG Rating, and HGC Rating to something more complicated like
standard
hypervolume index total.
8) Should the database maximums be updated continuously or on a
longer
term basis? Note that percentages higher than 100% are allowed
in the
formula.
9) How does this new formula affect the idea of ENTS points
calculated by
multiplying the girth in feet by the height? This formal is
still valid
because it is calculating something different. In essence the
bigger the
tree, the larger the overall number. The question is whether we
want to
keep using this formula or not?
Many of you have expressed opinions on some of these matters
already. If
you have additional thoughts on these issues, have changed you
mind, or
have more points to consider. Please post them to the discussion
list.
Please try to explain why you have a particular opinion as that
lets the
rest of us understand your thinking.
Ed Frank |
Big
Tree Formula - My Preferences |
Edward
Frank |
Jan
28, 2005 09:13 PST |
ENTS,
These are my preferences for how this formula should be
calculated. I have
went over many of these ideas in greater detail in previous
posts.
1) Do we want to include height, girth, and canopy spread in the
formula,
or do we just want to include height and girth?
I want to have a both basic formula including just height and
girth, and an
expanded formula including all three parameters. Most of our
measurements
include only two parameters, our basic formula should consist of
just those
parameters, and an expanded formula for trees for which we have
more data
including all three parameters.
2) Do we want all three parameters - height, girth, and crown
spread to be
given equal weight in the final formula? If they should be
weighted
differently, what weight should each be given?
3) Should we have two ratings, one based upon 2 parameters -
height and
girth - and a separate rating based upon height, girth, and
crown? If we
choose this option should the parameters be weighted to force a
similar
ranking between the two measures (in this case, one example
would be h + g,
versus 2h + g + c)?
In the basic formula height and girth would be given equal
weight. In the
expanded formula I would use the formula [2(h) + g + c]. I think
that
height should be the most important factor in a big tree
formula. In this
scenario height is weighted as 50% of both totals. The rankings
generated
by the two parameter formula and the three parameter formula
above are much
more similar than they are if the expanded formula has all three
parameters
weighted equally. I will admit that I am also drawn to the idea
of
weighting all three parameters equally.
4) Should we use the historical maximums from ENTS measured
trees or the
current maximums?
Historical measurements for maximums should be used if they have
been
measured accurately. In a table with historical data the height
for white
pine would be the historical height achieved by the Boogerman
Pine at 207
feet. Present trees, including the Boogerman itself at it's
present
height, would be compared to this historical maximum.
5) If we use crown spread as one of the parameters, should we be
using
average crown spread, maximum crown spread, or longest limb
length?
I would like to see the parameter for the crown to be the
greatest
horizontal spread from the base of the trunk of the tree. Yes,
this might
give slanted trees an advantage, but it is the most
straight-forward
measurement of crown size even given these possible exceptions.
6) Should we be using a three hundred point system (or 200 if
canopy spread
is eliminated) or should everything be converted to a 100
point/percentage
system?
I still favor converting the final result to a simple
percentage/100 point
number for the tree. It is a more basic representation of the
relative
size of a tree than a 300 point or 200 point system. It would
also allow
direct comparisons to be easily made between evaluations using
either 2 or
3 parameters. However, overall either option can be converted to
the other
with a simple multiplier of 3 or 1/3.
7) What would be a good acronym for the formula(s)?. It can be
basic like
HG Rating, and HGC Rating to something more complicated like
standard
hypervolume index total.
ENTS HG Rating (for height and girth) and ENTS HGC Rating (for
height,
girth, and crown). Perhaps they do not make up a fancy contrived
word, but
they are descriptive. A Blozan Index and Expanded Blozan Index
would also
be appropriate.
8) Should the database maximums be updated continuously or on a
longer
term basis?
I would favor the database maximums not be updated any more
frequently that
once a year, and preferably on a longer rotation. Values greater
than 100%
are perfectly valid, and I believe it would give the results a
greater
utility to have a longer time period of stable base numbers.
9) How does this new formula affect the idea of ENTS points
calculated by
multiplying the girth in feet by the height? This formula is
still valid
because it is calculating something different, the bigger the
tree - the
higher the ENTS points. The question is whether we want to keep
using this
formula or not?
I have no opinion on this matter.
Edward Frank |
Tree
Dimension Index |
edward
coyle |
Jan
28, 2005 10:27 PST |
All,
I have taken a break, looked everything over, and remain
bumfuzzled.
It seems the open grown/ forest grown combining presents no
difficulty,
with the proviso that open grown be noted. Since most of our
trees are
forest grown, it makes sense to mark the exception only.
3 point, or 2 point dimension rating index
Here's the thing. Most ENTS measurers don't take spread, of any
kind, for
most trees. The big ones of every species usually get a more
thorough exam.
I suspect this is a holdover from nominating/comparing to other
lists.
Whatever the motivation, data beyond height and girth are great
for all
sorts of reasons.
Although I am in favor of the 3 point index, it can't
practically be done
for every tree. As well, the data can't be used in conjunction
with a 2point
index on a common list. Many of our trees, already recorded,
have only
height and girth. Do we dump all these, or revisit every site to
homogenize
the data? No. It is simpler to adopt a 2point system.
So perhaps we should adopt a 2 point dimension rating index. It
allows for
seamless continuity in the records we have. The raw data could
still be
compared against the greatest known height and girth known
(200%, 100%?).
Further, we could gather more information for the champions of
every
subset (region, state, site). It could include max spread,
lowest limb
height, terrain, condition, orientation, associated species, gps
grid,
whatever.
I think historic ENTS measurements should be used- 207'height.
Update the list yearly, I guess. I don't know too much about
spreadsheets. I
assumed the raw data would remain with a particular tree, while
the
percentile score would shift automatically, if a greater tree
were added.
I would think waiting to change a years findings at one time
would create
a monumental task.
ENTS points- no opinion, or use for them myself.
Ed C |
Re:
Crown Spread |
dbhg-@comcast.net |
Jan
28, 2005 11:09 PST |
Ed:
The
crown spread information in my database is weak. I often
estimated crown spread. Very little information has been
included about maximum limb length. Crown spread is the weak
link. I have racked my aging brain to think up shortcuts for
compiling acceptable canopy data and each time I have ended up
abandoning whatever I was working on.
Your
summary of our point system discussions is very useful. Fine job
as usual. I'll respond to you request for additional thoughts in
a day or two.
Bob
|
Re:
Tree Dimension Index |
Fores-@aol.com |
Jan
29, 2005 10:15 PST |
Ed:
How about those situations where you have a tree that started as
a stump
sprout in a clearcut or became established in a pasture to
become one of the
founding members of a patch of old timber.
I encountered a 56" DBH/14.7' CBH yellow poplar this past
fall while
planning a timber sale in central WV. The tree broke into
multiple stems about 15
feet up and the live crown extended over 70 feet in at least
three directions.
Most dominant poplar trees in the stand were over 130' tall and
the same
general area yielded a pitch pine that was 7.9' CBH and nearly
105' tall.
Despite the poplar tree appearing to have been a
"pioneer" that became
established in a stone pile in the middle of a corn field in the
early 1900's, it is
now in the middle of a stand of mature poplar and oak with many
poplar trees
having a maximum size ranging between 7.8' and 10.5'
CBH.....this tree and
several surrounding individuals were retained as
"legacy" trees.
The unusually large spreading yellow poplar I encountered would
have never
survived undamaged in an open pasture for as long because wind
or lightning
certainly would have whacked it. I have seen hundreds of
exceptionally large
poplars in pastures, meadows and fence rows throughout WV but
the very
largest, especially open grown individuals have a largeness that
is extremely
tenuous and tends to be a fleeting condition at best. The
largest or maximum crown
spreads for individuals of several species might actually occur
in the
woods....it is just easier to spot monster crowns when they are
in open spaces.
Russ Richardson |
Re:
Tree Dimension Index |
Edward
Frank |
Feb
01, 2005 19:02 PST |
Russ,
I don't know which Ed you are talking to but I think the ideas
you present
are worth talking about. Essentially there are two ideas: 1)
What about
trees with a complex mixture of Open Growth and Forest Growth,
and 2) Are
crowns really bigger on the Open Grown trees than on Forest Grown
trees or
is that just an impression because we can see them better? I
will hazard
some ideas and the real experts can pick them apart and enlighten
us.
What is
generally considered as an Open-Grown tree is a result of a more
anthropogenic activity than a natural origin.
A tree in an open area tends to increase girth rapidly when
compared to a
tree in a like environment in a forest. You can see this by
wider rings
formed by shade relief when an opening occurs near a forest
grown tree.
Observations have tended to show that forest grown trees tend to
grow
rapidly upward toward openings in the canopy or because of
competition
with adjacent trees. This rapid upward growth is reflected in a
tree form
that tends to be taller with a slimmer trunk. Once a tree
reaches maturity
at or near the upper end of its height potential for an area,
the upward
growth slows and the trees tend to gain girth. Even with a wide
variation
in overall girth, it can be seen from plots of white pine in
both Cook
Forest and MTSF that average girth increases with height and
that the slope
of the increase is greater with greater height.
Overall then the main difference in shape between open grown and
forest
trees is that at the same age forest trees tend to be taller and
slimmer,
while open grown tree tend to be shorted and fatter.
Observations suggest
that the open grown trees also have larger crown spreads for
their height
than do forest grown trees. The rationale for this process is
that
competition from adjacent tree limits the areal extent of the
crown in
forest trees, while open grow trees are able to spread out to
maximize leaf
area without being limited by nearby trees.
I don't know for a fact that this is true. I don' think we have
enough
data in our database to prove or disprove this hypothesis. You
suggested
that damage from wind, weather, lightning, and other factors
serve to limit
the crown spread and perhaps the height of open grow trees, and
that forest
grown trees might be able to retain a larger crown because
nearby trees
help protect each others crown from similar damage. So really it
is a
question about which is a greater limitation on crown spread:
Weather and
like damage to open grown tree canopies, or competition from
nearby trees
in forest grown specimens.
Mixed history trees: These are trees that are found in the
forest that
have some characteristics of Open-grown trees. To have these
open grown
characteristics, the tree must have spent a substantial period
of time
growing in open conditions - I don't know how long 50 to 60
years? What
could be the origin of these open areas. There are several
possibilities -
both natural and man-made. Forest Fires: A tree may have
survived a
forest fire while its nearby competition was killed. With a
head-start on
the competition the tree may gain several decades of open growth
before
the competition catches up. Similarly a tree that survives a
blowdown, or
a river side flood could have a naturally occurring period of
open growth.
Man-made activities can also result in a tree of mixed origin.
The tree
may have been left behind by selective logging. It may have
grown by
stump-sprouting from a clearcut forest. It may have been a tree
left in a
pasture for shade. It may be a tree left in a residential area.
Or a tree
left behind after clearing for a whole variety of reasons.
(Trees of good
size are often found in the bottom of sinkholes in the sinkhole
plain area
of Kentucky south of Mammoth cave. The steep sided depression 20
to 80
feet across and 10 to 30 feet deep are areas that are not
farmable so
trees are left behind on farms. They also serve as shade for
animals, and
unfortunately as dumps fro garbage.) If the forest surrounding
this
isolated tree grows it becomes part of the resulting forest - it
becomes a
mixed history tree. This may be regrowth after clearcutting,
regrowth
after a fire, old field changing into forest through succession.
How to distinguish these trees: I have a couple of examples to
suggest,
and would like to hear other characteristics. Trees grown in the
open from
early age may have branches or branch stumps near the base of
the tree. In
forest grown trees lower branches are soon shed as the tree
grows upward.
In open grown trees they can persist and grow to significant
size. The age
distribution of the trees in the stand. Old growth forest stands
will have
trees of mixed ages. There may be large numbers of late
succesional old
trees, but interspersed throughout will be younger trees that
have grown in
openings formed in the canopy by various natural processes.
Forests may
also be very uniform in age, as would occur if there was a large
scale
forest destruction from fire, a blowdown, or even logging occurred
at one
time. Mixed history trees on the other hand would tend to be
much older and
or larger than the surrounding forest. There will be a distinct
gap
between the ages of these lone wolf trees and the age of the
other trees in
the stand.
You can get a mixed history tree when an individual tree was
left behind in
a recent clearing of a forest to create a pasture, or a housing
development. Only in this case the tree would have forest
characteristics
- tall, thin trunk, high lower branches in an open setting. I
don't know
how long it would take to add more open-grown characteristics in
a formerly
forest grown tree. Some characteristics like large limbs low to
the ground
likely would never be recreated.
Enough rambling for now... What do the rest of you think on this
matter?
Ed Frank
|
Re:
Tree Dimension Index |
Fores-@aol.com |
Feb
01, 2005 20:04 PST |
Ed:
You covered an awful lot of ground and provided lots of food for
thought in
your post.
I have seen large trees that fit several of those circumstances
you
described as possible points of origination and I think that the
sole survivors of
forest fires or clearcuts could ultimately provide the largest
total size
trees of several different species including red oak.........I
think white oak
just morphs into a giant green ball given unlimited space but
red oaks seem to
reach higher, even in the open.
Russ |
RE:
Tree Dimension Index |
Robert
Leverett |
Feb
02, 2005 05:47 PST |
Ed:
If you walk in forested areas thick with white
pine, white ash,
tuliptree seedlings, you will see examples of trees starting out
from
the beginning under intense competition. Nothing open grown
about those
clusters. I've seen the same with sugar maple seedlings.
The key to understanding tree form is to
actively search for
examples of a species in all stages of development and observe
how the
species responds to differing levels of release. Foresters
understand
this aspect of tree growth very well, since much of what they do
is the
manipulate light levels and competition to control the shape
that a tree
takes on as it grows. Calculating the range of ratios of height
to crown
spread for a species across the range of growing conditions for
trees in
different age classes would indeed produce some interesting
ranges. It
would be a real exercise in descriptive statistics. Eventually,
we'll
have enough data to put together some interesting charts. I may
take on
the cottonwood as a first species to track. Any ideas on
experimental
design?
Bob
|
Re:
Tree Dimension Index, response |
edward
coyle |
Feb
02, 2005 07:23 PST |
Ed, Russ,
I didn't know which Ed either, and in truth, I didn't understand
what was
meant. If a tree is surrounded by trees, even if they are
significantly
younger, it would be forest grown. I would think that if the
surrounding
trees were saplings, and the tree cited were a mature specimen,
it would
safe to say it was open grown, provided there weren't stumps
everywhere. I
don't believe it is that critical a distinction.
To be sure there are many suppositions that could be made when
finding a
significantly larger tree within a woods. It might suggest a
catastrophic
windfall, fire, or human infestation. Local history might easily
shed light
on this. It is a forest grown tree. One of your suggestions,
that trees
within a wood provide a buffer for each other, while at the same
time
competing for every other aspect of their existence is well
founded, in my
experience. Trees on the edge of cuts, through what was formerly
dense
woods, will fall over or droop over for no apparent reason. They
have not
developed any lateral strength. I understand that trees develop strength in
proportion to resistance they endure during development.
Your wolf tree(s) are different in that they began alone,
branched fully,
and had much more area for roots. As the canopy raised, and if
it kept up
with that growth, it would be a massive tree. The younger trees
providing a
buffer after the main growth spurt.
The tree and roots cannot exceed each other. If the tree puts on
a great
deal of vertical growth in order to compete for light, it cannot
maintain a
lower canopy. It will shed branches from the center out, and
from the bottom
up. The proportion of canopy to mass cannot change, or the tree
will
decline. It will always outclass the surrounding trees, however,
without
them it would likely fail.
The idea of leaving 'relic' trees after a clearcut seems
foolish. A vista
bandage. Unless the tree grew as a loner to begin with, it
doesn't have a
chance. If it did, it no longer has its buffer. It would make
more sense to
me to save a 'relic patch', leaving the buffer, as opposed to
waiting 15
years for one to grow. That's a long time to stand alone.
Are the crowns actually bigger by volume in relation to trunk in
an open
grown? Probably. I suspect that it has more to do with a larger
root system.
I would guess that if the ratio of crown to trunk were 20%
greater, open
grown, it would be 20% shorter than a forest grown example,
assuming all
else was equal.
If a tree is within a woods, it is forest grown, and supported.
Part of a
system. If it seen in alone anywhere outside of a yard, it was
probably
forest grown at some point, or will be. Should we have a class
for yard/park
trees instead of open grown, or simply compare tree to tree,
looking for the
greatest among them?
I'm done rambling.
Ed C
|
RE:
Tree Dimension Index, response HELLO |
Will
Blozan |
Feb
02, 2005 19:35 PST |
Dudes,
The whole premise of the relative ranking system idea (we really
need to
name this thing) was to have a system inclusive of all growth
forms. A fat,
short and wide open-grown tree would score favorably as compared
to a slim,
tall forest-grown tree of the same species. I am not interested
in weights
or modifications. Apples to apples.
Will
|
RE:
Tree Dimension Index, response HELLO |
Edward
Frank |
Feb
02, 2005 19:53 PST |
Will,
In my mind the question was not so much about the ranking system
as it was
a general conversation about how different tree forms can evolve
- why do
you get trees in the middle of a forest that have many of the
characteristics of open grown trees, and how long does it take
for forest
grown trees exposed by clearing activities to develop some of
the
characteristics of open grown trees. I don't think the trees
should be
separated in the proposed dimension index. But if people want to
sort the
trees in the database for some reason with regard to open grown
or forest
grown trees, and some people have expressed the opinion that
this is a
worthwhile thing to do, then we should be able to do so. Considering
the
history of a tree when discussing how its form evolved is
certainly a valid
discussion point. I may not be experienced enough to have the
answers, but
I tried to frame the questions for the rest of you to consider.
Ed Frank
|
RE:
Tree Dimension Index, response HELLO |
Paul
Jost |
Feb
02, 2005 20:02 PST |
Will,
I agree. Since we are normalizing against the maximums, we are
relatively form independent and scale factors would add human
bias
beyond the balance of a pure average. As far as naming goes,
since it
is really all about the percentage of the growth potential and
could
have two or three variables, how about the PGP-2 index or the
PGP-3
index. It is more intuitive than naming it after someone and it
really
isn't a (hyper)volume although it could use three variables in
the
calculation. As long as it is a 100% scale, the number of
variables
isn't critical but should be noted.
Paul Jost |
RE:
Tree Dimension Index, response HELLO |
edward
coyle |
Feb
02, 2005 20:58 PST |
Will,
Sounds simple and fair.
Ed C
|
RE:
Tree Dimension Index, response HELLO |
Darian
Copiz |
Feb
03, 2005 06:35 PST |
ENTS,
It sounds good that there seems to be a consensus on lumping
different
growing conditions together. As Ed had said, comparing tree to
tree. I
have noticed that there generally is a strong bias on the
listserve
toward forest grown specimens and height (maybe because by
others this
is marginalized?). I would be happy to see the preservation of
objectivity. Another possible suggestion for a name is IMP,
Index of
Maximum Potential.
Darian
|
More
on tree rating systems |
Robert
Leverett |
Feb
03, 2005 07:50 PST |
Darian:
Good points. There does appears to be a
forest-grown bias. However,
that is in part a reaction to the inclusion of coppiced and
multi-stemmed trees in the champion tree lists. Most of us are
as drawn
to the compelling forms of trees like the amazing Angel Oak as
we are to
the towering Smoky Mountain tuliptrees. We just want to see the
individual measurements done correctly and sensible
interpretations put
on the results of formula-based calculations. My personal
preference is
to see where a tree falls on different evaluations systems.
However, the
he new percentile the AF, and the ENTS points systems arrayed
side by side
can create confusion for those looking for a simple result.
Although others must speak their pieces, I do
believe that the vast
majority of ENTS members are satisfied with dealing with the
complexity
of tree forms on a variety of levels. In making comparisons, I
like to
draw parallels to baseball. The many statistics compiled on
baseball
players allow pundits to consider different aspects of a
player's game.
Not many in baseball feel the need to adopt a contrived
point-based
weighting system to compare players and pronounce one as the all
around
greatest. Individual champions of home runs, batting average,
etc. are
recognized though.
In terms of performance in a specific area,
such as home runs, there
was a temptation in the past to declare Babe Ruth as the
greatest home
run hitter of all times. The Bambino's 714 life time total and
his 60 in
a single season records looked as though they would stand
forever. Then
Roger Marris, a very good, but not great hitter, broke Ruth's
single
season record with 61, albeit in a slightly longer playing
season, 163
games versus 154. Then Hank Aaron surpassed Ruth's lifetime
total with
755. Still many people continued to proclaim Ruth the greatest
overall.
Now Barry Bonds holds the single season best (ignoring steroids
for the
moment) with 73 and is virtually certain to surpass Ruth's
lifetime
total in 2005 and Aaron's lifetime total in 2006. In the
popularity
department, Bonds now only has to sneeze to get another MVP
award.
Comparisons within the sports world have grown
increasingly
sophisticated as a result of more data, more comparisons, and
the
rapidity with which new data can be incorporated into the data
banks and
comparisons regenerated. We are moving in that direction in ENTS
-
although with almost complete dependence on poor Ed Frank.
The continuing practice of crowning a single
tree as an overall
champion of its species may have outlived its usefulness by
diverting
attention from a broader assessment of each species and its
potential.
Will's point about the hemlocks of the Porkies - giants in their
own
right is well taken. What is truly most important is the focus
we put on
understanding tree growth and potential. Champion tree lists,
competing
formulas, form indices, etc. are merely the tools we use to keep
the
focus on the objects of our affection.
Bob
|
RE:
Tree Dimension Index - Tree Shapes |
Edward
Frank |
Feb
03, 2005 12:42 PST |
Bob,
You are of course right about the dense growth of seedlings on
the forest
floor. I have seen many examples. It was a poor choice of words,
I was
thinking more along the line of openings in the canopy, rather
than
competition.
I don't really have any suggestions for experimental design. I
believe
that my proposal for using a ternary diagram to plot tree shapes
would be a
useful graphical representation of differences in tree shapes
within or
between species and would show changes in form with age. The
weighting
factors could be tailored for an individual set of data to
better represent
the variation found within that set. Ideally the plots of
individual tree
shapes would form clusters on the chart, or perhaps a band with
trees of
differing ages and characteristics forming a progressive
continuum across
portions of the graph.
Ed Frank
|
|